English As A Global Language

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ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL

LANGUAGE
What is global language?
• Frequently used for communication in
international context by people with diverse
background
• Other names: English as an International
Language; English as a Lingua Franca (ELF);
English as a world language
Why English becomes global
• Military
• Political
• Economic
• Technology
• Education
English speakers around the globe
Current situation
What does it mean?
• English belongs to anybody who speaks it
• Reconsideration of the following concepts in
ELT areas: ‘ENL, ESL, EFL’, ‘native speaker’,
‘standard’, ‘model’
Spread of English
Kachru Concentric Circle (World Englishes)
Implication for ELT
Traditional ELT practice WEs

Inner Circle : Inner Circle :


Endonormative Endonormative

Outer Circle : Outer Circle :


Exonormative Endonormative

Expanding Circle : Expanding Circle :


Exonormative Exonormative
However, … currently
• Expanding circle dominates the use of English
• Varieties of English emerge from expanding
circles
• Expanding circle develops endonormative
norms
Therefore …
• EIL : focusing on all circles
• ELF : focusing on expanding circles
EFL vs ELF
Implication for ELT
• Introducing local and global varieties of
English
• Reconsider the goal for teaching
pronunciation
• Rethinking standard for English testing
• Empower Non-Native speaker teachers
• Build self confidence

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