INTRODUCTION

TO GLOBAL
MARKETING
 Introduction The importance of
1 and overview 4 Global Marketing

Principles of
Marketing: a Management orientations
Contents 2
Review
5

Forces affecting Global

Global Marketing:
3 6 integration and Global
What it is and What
Marketing
it isn’t

2
Introduction and
Overview
What is global marketing? How does it differ from “regular”
marketing
3
 Marketing SEARCH

Marketing can be defined as the activity, set of institutions, and processes

for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that
have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Marketing
activities center on an organization’s efforts to satisfy customer wants and
needs with products and services that offer competitive value

The marketing mix (the four Ps of product, price, place, and promotion) comprises
a contemporary marketer’s primary tools. Marketing is a universal discipline, as
applicable in Argentina as it is in Zimbabwe.
 Global marketing Search

global marketing focuses its resources and competencies on global

market opportunities and threats. A fundamental difference between regular
marketing and global marketing is the scope of activities. A company that
engages in global marketing conducts important business activities outside
the home-country market.
Starbucks global marketing strategies
Market penetration: Starbucks is building on its loyalty card and rewards program in the United
States with a smartphone app that enables customers to pay for purchases electronically. The
app displays a bar code that the barista can scan.

Market development: Starbucks is entering India via an alliance with the Tata Group. Phase 1
calls for sourcing coffee beans in India and marketing them at Starbucks stores throughout the
world. The next phase will likely involve opening Starbucks outlets in Tata’s upscale Taj hotels in
India.

Product development: Starbucks created a new instant coffee brand, Via, to enable its customers
to enjoy coffee at the office and other locations where brewed coffee is not available.

Diversification: In 2011, Starbucks dropped the word “Coffee” in its logo. It recently acquired a
juice maker, Evolution Fresh; the Bay Bread bakery, and tea retailer Teavana Holdings. Next up:
Revamping stores so they can serve as wine bars and attract new customers in the evening.
Principles of Marketing: A Review
Marketing can also be thought of as a set of activities and processes that, along with product design, manufacturing, and
transportation logistics, comprise a firm’s value chain. Decisions at every stage, from idea conception to support after the
sale, should be assessed in terms of their ability to create value for customers.

For any organization operating anywhere in the world, the essence of marketing is to surpass the competition at the task
of creating perceived value—that is, a superior value proposition—for customers. The value equation is a guide to this
task:
Value = Benefits/Price (money, time, effort, etc.) 7
 When a company succeeds in creating more value
for customers than its competitors do, that
company is said to enjoy competitive advantage

Competitive Advantage, The transformation of formerly local or national

Globalization, and industries into global ones is part of a broader

Global Industries economic process of globalization,

A global industry is one in which competitive

advantage can be achieved by integrating and
leveraging operations on a worldwide scale

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Philips
As the “smart home”
becomes a reality, Philips has
developed a line of lighting products
that are connected to the Internet.
Homeowners can control the lighting
system with a smartphone app.
 Global marketing: what It is and what 1

1 Marketing
isn’t
Approach 4 Standardizati
Marketing approach that on
has proven successful in the extent to which
one country will not each marketing mix
necessarily succeed in element is standardized
another country. (i.e., executed the same
way)

GMS 5 Adoption
2
adapted (i.e., executed in
choosing a target different ways) in various
market and developing country markets.
a marketing mix.

6 Nike
3 Global Nike recently adopted
market the slogan “Here I am” for
its pan-European clothing
Global participation
market advertising targeting
participation is the extent women
to which a company has
operations in major world
markets.
 The 4p’s

Product: Intensify focus on accessories. Place: Burberry is opening more

Boost sales of handbags, belts, and independent stores in key U.S. cities
accessories products whose sales are including flagship
less cyclical than clothing’s. Burberry stores in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and
Bespoke allows customers To design New York; they are also expanding in
their own coats. London and
Hong Kong. Such locations generate more
than half the company’s revenue and profit

Promotion: Encourage advocacy and sharing

“Affordable luxury” is central to the value via social media and online channels such as
proposition: more expensive than Coach, Twitter, Instagram, and
less expensive than Prada. www.artofthetrench.com. Launch Burberry
Acoustic to enhance brand relevance and to
provide exposure for emerging music talent via
www.burberry.com/acoustic.

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 Global localization

Global localization really mean?

In a nutshell, it means that a successful global marketer must have the ability
to “think globally and act locally.”
For example, Coca-Cola achieved success in Japan by spending a great deal
of time and money to become an insider; that is, the company built a complete
local infrastructure with its sales force and vending machine operations.
Coke’s success in Japan is a function of its ability to achieve global
localization, by being as much of an insider as a local company but still
reaping the benefits that result from world-scale operations
For example, McDonald’s restaurants in France don’t look like McDonald’s
restaurants elsewhere. Décor colors are muted, and the golden arches are

12 displayed more subtly.

Nescafé
Nestlé, innovation is the key to an expanded presence in
emerging markets such as Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Mali. Recently,
Nestlé introduced mobile coffee carts from which vendors sell single
servings of
Nescafé brand coffee. Some of these innovations are being transferred
to
high-income countries in Europe and elsewhere.

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 The Importance of Global
Marketing

The largest single market in the world in terms of national income is the United States, represent-ing
roughly 25 percent of the total world market for all products and services. U.S. companies that wish to
achieve maximum growth potential must “go global,” because 75 percent of world market potential is
outside their home country.

 Coca cola

 Fortune magazine

 Toyota and Volkswagen

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 Management Orientations

The form and substance of a company’s response to global market opportunities depend
greatly on management’s assumptions or beliefs—both conscious and unconscious—about
the nature of the world. The worldview of a company’s personnel can be described as
ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, or geocentric.Management at a company with a
prevailing ethnocentric orientation may consciously make a decision to move in the direction
of geocentricism. The orientations are collectively known as the EPRG framework.

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 EPRG framework

Polycentric Approach
Ethnocentric Approach
• Do not adopt their products according to the • Equal importance to every country’s domestic

needs and wants of other countries where they market

have operations E P • Believe in uniqueness of every market

Geocentric Approach Regiocentric Approach

• The main idea is to target global consumers who
G R • Economic cultural and political similarities
have similar tastes between regions
• To borrow from every country what is best
 Ethnocentric
• A person who assumes that his or her home
country is superior to the rest of the world is
said to have an ethnocentric orientation.
Ethnocentrism is sometimes associated with
Orientation
attitudes of national arrogance or
assumptions of national superiority; it can
also manifest itself as indifference to
marketing opportunities outside the home
country.
• . Company personnel with an ethnocentric
orientation see only similarities in markets
and assume that products and practices that
succeed in the home country will succeed
anywhere.
• This point of view leads to a standardized or
extension adaptationto marketing based on
the premise that products can be sold
everywhere without adaptation.
• Example Nissan
 The polycentric orientation is the opposite of ethnocentrism. The term polycentric describes
management’s belief or assumption that each country in which a company does business is
unique. This assumption lays the groundwork for each subsidiary to develop its own unique
business and marketing strategies in order to succeed; the term multinational company is
often used to describe such a structure. This point of view leads to a localized or adaptation

Polycentric approach that assumes that products must be adapted in response to different market conditions.
• Procter & Gamble Pampers

Orientation • Unilever, Roxena deodorant

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Regiocentric Orientation
 In a company with a Regional Approach , a region becomes the
relevant geographic unit; management’s goal is to develop an
integrated regional strategy..
 Firm accept a regional Marketing policy covering a group of countries
Which have comparable market characteristics.
 Operational strategies are formulated on the basis of entire region
rather than on individual countries
 The company view the similarities and difference between the region

General Motors: Executives in different parts of the world—Asia-Pacific and Europe,

for example—were given considerable autonomy when designing vehicles for their
respective regions. Company engineers in Australia, for example, developed models for
sale in the local market. One result of this approach: A total of 270 different types of
radios were being installed in GM vehicles around the world.
Gillette
 Geocentric Orientation
• company with a geocentric orientation views the entire world
as a potential market and strives to develop integrated global
strategies.
• A company whose management has adopted a geocentric
orientation is sometimes known as a global or transnational
company
• The geocentric orientation represents a synthesis of
ethnocentrism and polycentrism; it is a “worldview” that sees
similarities and differences in markets and countries and seeks
to create a global strategy that is fully responsive to local
needs and wants.
• Example uk company Vodafone
 Forces Affecting Global Integration
and Global Marketing
The forces affecting global integration are:
• Multilateral Trade Agreements
• Converging Market Needs and Wants and the Information Revolution
• Transportation and Communication Improvements
• Product Development Costs
• Quality
• World Economic Trends
• Leverage
• Restraining Forces
 Forces Affecting Global Integration
and Global Marketing
Multilateral Trade Agreements

A number of multilateral trade agreements have accelerated the pace of global integration. NAFTA is expanding trade among the
United States, Canada, and Mexico. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was ratified by more than 120
nations in 1994, created the World Trade Organization (WTO) to promote and protect free trade. In Europe, the expanding
membership of the European Union is lowering boundaries to trade within the region.

Converging Market Needs and Wants and the Information Revolution

The common elements in human nature provide an underlying basis for the opportunity to create and serve global markets. The word
create is deliberate. Most global markets do not exist in nature; marketing efforts must create them. For example, no one needs soft
drinks, and yet today in some countries, per capita soft drink consumption exceeds water consumption

Transportation and Communication Improvements

Modern jet travel made such communication feasible. Today, Skype, Google+, and Cisco Telepresence are powerful new
communication channels. revolution has occurred in transportation technology. The costs associated with physical
distribution, in terms of both money and time, have been greatly reduced as well Eg auti transport ships.
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Product Development Costs

The pressure for globalization is intense when new products require major investments and long periods of development
time.

Eg: pharmaceutical industry With annual sales of

$26 billion, Moline, Illinois–based
Deere & Company is the world’s
leading manufacturer of farm equip-
ment. Deere has benefited from boom-
Quality ing worldwide demand for agricultural
commodities; demand for tractors has
been especially strong in Brazil, China,
Global marketing strategies can generate greater revenue and greater operating margins that, in turn, support design and India, and other emerging markets.
manufacturing quality. When a global company establishes a benchmark in quality, competitors must quickly make their
own improvements and come up to par. Japanese had invested heavily in hybrid vehicles (toyatta , Prius)

World Economic Trends

Prior to the global economic crisis that began in 2008, economic growth had been a driving force in the expansion of the
international economy and in the growth of global marketing.

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 Leverage
A global company possesses the unique opportunity to develop leverage. In the context of global marketing, leverage means some type of advantage that a company
enjoys by virtue of the fact that it has experience in more than one country.

 Experience transfer :

A global company can leverage its experience in any market in the world. It can draw upon management practices, strategies, products, advertising appeals, or sales
or promotional ideas that have been market tested in one country or region and apply them in other comparable markets.

For example, Whirlpool has considerable experience in the United States dealing with powerful retail buyers such as Sears and Best Buy.

 Scale Economics:

The global company can take advantage of its greater manufacturing volume to obtain traditional scale advantages within a single factory. Japan’s giant Matsushita
Electric Company is a classic example of global marketing in action; it achieved scale economies by exporting VCRs, televisions, and other consumer electronics
products throughout the world from world-scale factories in Japan.

 Resource utilization :

A major strength of the global company is its ability to scan the entire world to identify people, money, and raw materials that will enable it to compete most effectively in
world markets.

 Global strategy:

The global company’s greatest single advantage can be its global strategy. A global strategy is built on an information system that scans the world business
environment to identify opportunities, trends, threats, and resources. When opportunities are identified, the global company adheres to the three principles identifi
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 Restraining forces

 Management myopia and organisational culture

 National Control
 OppositIon globalization

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Thank you !
Any questions?