The Gas Laws

THE GAS L AWS
BOYLE’S LAW
• Robert Boyle
• at constant temperature, the
volume of the gas increases as the
pressure decreases. The volume of
the gas decreases and the pressure
increases. V↑ P↓
P1V1 = P2V2
EXAMPLE:
1. A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What
is the volume when the pressure is increased to 60.0 mmHg?
2. 500.0 mL of a gas is collected at 745.0 mmHg. What will the
volume if the pressure decreased at 625.2mmHg?
3. A gas occupies 4.31 liters at a pressure of 0.755 atm.
Determine the volume if the pressure is increased to 1.25
atm.
4. If a gas at 25.0 °C occupies 3.60 liters at a pressure of 1.00
atm, what will be its volume at a pressure of 2.50 atm?
CHARLE’S LAW
• Jacques-Alexandre Charles
• at a constant pressure, the
volume of a gas increases as the
temperature of the gas
increases and the volume
decreases when the
temperature decreases.
• V1 / T 1 = V2 / T 2
EXAMPLE:
• What volume change occurs to a 400.0 mL gas sample as the
temperature increases from 22.0 °C to 30.0 °C?
• If 540.0 mL of nitrogen at 0.00 °C is heated to a temperature
of 100.0 °C what will be the new volume of the gas?
• A gas syringe contains 56.05 milliliters of a gas at 315.1 K.
Determine the volume that the gas will occupy if the
temperature is increased to 380.5 K
GAY-LUSSAC
• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

• The pressure of a gas is directly
proportional to its absolute
temperature at a constant
volume.
P1 = P2
T1 T2
EXAMPLE:
• If a gas in a closed container is pressurized from 15.0 atmospheres
to 16.0 atmospheres and its original temperature was 25.0 °C,
what would the final temperature of the gas be in degrees Celsius?
• If a gas is cooled from 323.0 K to 273.15 K and the volume is kept
constant what final pressure would result if the original pressure
was 750.0 mmHg?
• A gas has a pressure of 645 torr at 128ºC. What is the
temperature in celcius if the pressure is increases to 750 torr.
AVOGADRO’S LAW
• States that the volume of a

gas is directly related to the
number of moles (n) of gas.
EXAMPLE:
• 5.00 L of a gas is known to contain 0.965 mol. If the amount of gas is
increased to 1.80 mol, what new volume will result (at an unchanged
temperature and pressure)?
• A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He, at room

temperature. More helium was added to the cylinder and the volume
was adjusted so that the gas pressure remained the same. How many
grams of helium were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed
from 2.00 L to 2.70 L? (The temperature was held constant.)
• A flexible container at an initial volume of 5.120 L contains 8.500 mol of
gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final
volume of 18.10 L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas
remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the
container.
• A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He, at room

temperature. More helium was added to the cylinder and the volume
was adjusted so that the gas pressure remained the same. How many
grams of helium were added to the cylinder if the volume was changed
from 2.00 L to 2.50 L? (The temperature was held constant.)
COMBINED GAS LAW
• Expresses the relationship between pressure, volume, and
temperature of a fixed amount of gas.
• The combined gas law uses Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Gay-
Lussac’s Law (n is constant).
PV PV
1 1
 2 2
T1 T2
EXAMPLE:
• A sample of helium gas has a volume of 0.180 L., pressure of 0.800
atm and a temperature of 29ºC. What is the new temperature (Cº)
of the gas at a volume of 90.0 mL and a pressure of 3.20atm?
• The volume of a gas filled balloon is 30.0L at 40.0ºC and 140
mmHg of pressure. What is the volume will the balloon have at 760
mmHg?
• A sample of nitrogen monoxide has a volume of 72.6 mL at a
temperature of 16ºC and a pressure of 104.1 kPa. What volume will
the sample occupy at 24ºC and 99.3 kPa?
• A gas at 110kPa and 30ºC fills a flexible container with an initial
volume of 2.0 L., if the temperature is raised to 80ºC and the
pressure in increased to 440 kPa, what is the new volume?
EFFUSION AND DIFFUSION
• Scottish chemist Thomas

graham (1805-1869)
formulated his law of effusion
which states that the rate of
effusion or diffusion of a gas is
inversely proportional to the
square root of its molar mass.
EFFUSION
• Process whereby the
molecules of a gas
confined in a container
randomly pass through
a tiny opening in the
container.
DIFFUSION
• The process in which
particles of matter
move from areas of
high concentration to
areas of low
concentration.

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What are Boyle's law and Charles' law?

What is Gay-Lussac's law?

THE GAS L AWS

• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

• States that the volume of a

• A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He, at room

• A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He, at room

• Scottish chemist Thomas

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