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    Example 3: A Bead (Or Ring) Sliding On A: Uniformly Rotating Wire in A Force-Free Space

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Rodriguez-Carnicer
    This document summarizes the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics of a bead sliding without friction on a uniformly rotating wire. It shows: 1) The Lagrangian is constructed using kinetic and potential energies, with the potential energy equal to zero. 2) The conjugate momenta are derived from the Lagrangian. 3) The Hamiltonian is formed using the conjugate momenta and Lagrangian. 4) The equations of motion are obtained by taking derivatives of the Hamiltonian with respect to generalized coordinates and momenta. 5) This reveals the equation of motion for r contains a term for the angular momentum, showing it is conserved due to the cyclic nature of the angular coordinate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Example 3: A Bead (Or Ring) Sliding On A: Uniformly Rotating Wire in A Force-Free Space

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Rodriguez-Carnicer
    2K views8 pages
    This document summarizes the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics of a bead sliding without friction on a uniformly rotating wire. It shows: 1) The Lagrangian is constructed using kinetic and potential energies, with the potential energy equal to zero. 2) The conjugate momenta are derived from the Lagrangian. 3) The Hamiltonian is formed using the conjugate momenta and Lagrangian. 4) The equations of motion are obtained by taking derivatives of the Hamiltonian with respect to generalized coordinates and momenta. 5) This reveals the equation of motion for r contains a term for the angular momentum, showing it is conserved due to the cyclic nature of the angular coordinate.

    Original Description:

    Solution to the rotating bead problem using Hamiltonian mechanics

    Original Title

    Bead problem Part2

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document summarizes the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics of a bead sliding without friction on a uniformly rotating wire. It shows: 1) The Lagrangian is constructed using kinetic and potential energies, with the potential energy equal to zero. 2) The conjugate momenta are derived from the Lagrangian. 3) The Hamiltonian is formed using the conjugate momenta and Lagrangian. 4) The equations of motion are obtained by taking derivatives of the Hamiltonian with respect to generalized coordinates and momenta. 5) This reveals the equation of motion for r contains a term for the angular momentum, showing it is conserved due to the cyclic nature of the angular coordinate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views8 pages

    Example 3: A Bead (Or Ring) Sliding On A: Uniformly Rotating Wire in A Force-Free Space

    Uploaded by

    Kristine Rodriguez-Carnicer
    This document summarizes the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics of a bead sliding without friction on a uniformly rotating wire. It shows: 1) The Lagrangian is constructed using kinetic and potential energies, with the potential energy equal to zero. 2) The conjugate momenta are derived from the Lagrangian. 3) The Hamiltonian is formed using the conjugate momenta and Lagrangian. 4) The equations of motion are obtained by taking derivatives of the Hamiltonian with respect to generalized coordinates and momenta. 5) This reveals the equation of motion for r contains a term for the angular momentum, showing it is conserved due to the cyclic nature of the angular coordinate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Example 3: A bead (or ring) sliding on a

    uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space


    • The wire is straight and is rotated uniformly about some fixed axis perpendicular
    to the wire.
    • Constraint is time dependent, with rotation axis along the z and the wire in the
    xy plane. The transformation equation explicitly contain the time, t:

    x = r cos t, with  - angular velocity of rotation


    y = r sin t, r – distance along the wire
    from rotation axis
    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y

    Euler-Lagrange Eq.: L=T–V



    T = ½ mvr2 + ½ mv2
    V=0
    r
     𝜃 = ω𝑡 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
    x 𝑣𝑟 = = 𝑟ሶ 𝑣𝜃 = 𝑟𝜔 = 𝑟 = 𝑟𝜃ሶ = 𝑟𝜔
    𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
    𝑑𝜃
    = 𝜃ሶ = 𝜔
    𝑑𝑡
    1 1
    T = 𝑚𝑟 2ሶ + 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 2
    2 2

    (in polar coordinates)


    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y
    Step 1: Construct the Lagrangian
    1 1
     L = 𝑚𝑟ሶ 2 + 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 2
    2 2

    r Step 2: Conjugate momenta

     𝜕𝐿 
    𝑝𝑟
    x 𝑝𝑟 = = 𝑚𝑟ሶ 𝑟ሶ =
    𝜕𝑟ሶ 𝑚

    𝜕𝐿  𝑝𝜃
    𝑝𝜃 = = 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 𝜃ሶ =
    𝜕𝜃ሶ 𝑚𝑟 2
    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y
    Step 3: Form the Hamiltonian

     𝐻 = ෍ 𝑝𝑖 𝑞ሶ 1 − L
    𝑖
    1 1
    𝐻 = 𝑝𝑟 𝑟ሶ + 𝑝𝜃 𝜃ሶ − 𝑚𝑟 2ሶ + 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ 2
    r 2 2

     𝑝𝑟 𝑝𝜃 1 𝑝𝑟 2 1 𝑝𝜃 2
    x 𝐻 = 𝑝𝑟 + 𝑝𝜃 − 𝑚 + 𝑚𝑟 2
    𝑚 𝑚𝑟 2 2 𝑚 2 𝑚𝑟 2

    𝑝𝑟2 𝑝𝜃2 𝑝𝑟2 𝑝𝜃2


    𝐻= + − −
    𝑚 𝑚𝑟 2 2𝑚 2𝑚𝑟 2

    𝑝𝑟2 𝑝𝜃2
    𝐻= +
    2𝑚 2𝑚𝑟 2
    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y
    Step 4: Obtain 𝑞𝑖ሶ as functions of (q, p, t)

    𝜕𝐻 𝑝𝑟
    𝑟ሶ = =
    𝜕𝑝𝑟 𝑚
    r 𝜕𝐻 𝑝𝜃2 𝑝 2
    𝑝𝑟ሶ = − =− −2𝑟 −2−1 = 𝜃3
     𝜕𝑟 2𝑚 𝑚𝑟
    x

    𝜕𝐻 𝑝𝜃
    𝜃ሶ = =
    𝜕𝑝𝜃 𝑚𝑟 2

    𝜕𝐻
    𝑝𝜃ሶ = − =0
    𝜕𝜃
    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y
    Equation of motion for r:

    𝑑 𝜕𝐻
     𝑚
    𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑝𝑟
    = 𝑝𝑟ሶ

    r 𝑝𝜃2
    𝑚𝑟ሷ =
    𝑚𝑟 3

    x 2
    𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ
    𝑚𝑟ሷ − =0
    𝑚𝑟 3

    𝑚𝑟ሷ − 𝑚𝑟𝜃ሶ 2 = 0

    𝑚 𝑟ሷ − 𝑟𝜃ሶ 2 = 0
    Example 3: A bead (or ring) of mass m sliding on a uniformly rotating wire in a force-free space
    y
    Equation of motion for :
    𝑑 𝜕𝐻
    𝑚 = 𝑝𝜃ሶ
     𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑝𝜃

    r 𝜕𝐻
    =0  𝑝𝜃ሶ = 0

    𝜕𝑝𝜃
    x

    Hence: 𝑝𝜃 = 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜃ሶ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

     Conservation of angular momentum arises because


     is a cyclic coordinate.
    Cyclic

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