Management of Technology

Management of Technology
Awais Ahmad, Irfan Karim and Ahmad Mudasir

Agenda
• What is Technology?
• What are the differences between science and technology?
• Technology Classification
• What is a Management?
• What does the term Management of Technology (MoT) mean?
• Roles of MoT
• Levels of Management of Technology
• Framework of Management of Technology
• Management of Technology Capabilities
Technology
Technology is:
-an ‘engine for economic development’,

-a ’strategic resource’, and
- a ‘competitive weapon’
• If aligned with organization’s vision and strategic goals

Technology
• “practical implementations of intelligence”.(Ferre, 1988)

• “Skills to apply proper techniques”. (Hakkarainen,2006)
• “Practical application of knowledge”(Webster 2010)
• All the knowledge, products, processes, tools, methods, and
systems employed in the creation of goods or in providing services.
[MOT, Tarek M. Khalil p.1]
Science and Technology
• Science is the study of why natural things happen the way they do.
• Technology is the use of knowledge to turn resources into goods

and services that society needs.
• Science and technology affect all people.

Classification of Technology
• New technology
• Emerging technology
• High technology
• Low technology
• Medium technology
• Appropriate technology
Management
Process of:
• Planning
• Organizing
• Coordination & Leading and
• Controlling
Fredmund Malik (Austrian economist) defines Management as “the

transformation of resources into utility.”
• Management can be an art and to some extent a technology.

Management of Technology
• Technology management is a set of management disciplines that
allows organizations to manage its technological fundamentals to
create competitive advantage through planning and developing its
technological capabilities such as:
-technology policy;
-technological forecasting and assessment;
-technology strategy;
-MIS(Management Information System)
MoT and its Importance
• Managing technology involves planning, designing, optimizing,

operation and control of technological products.
• Technology management aims at maximizing the cost effectiveness
of investments in technology development which contributes to the
value of an organization.
Roles of MOT
Business Opportunity Market Analysis
Implement MOT Design
Testing Develop
Strategic Planning and MoT
Strategic planning, a future oriented activity, analytical process, sets
organizational goals and strategy, management by plans, identify actions,
part of strategic management
Strategic management is
• assessing the organization's current strategic direction;
• identifying and analyzing internal and external strengths and weaknesses;
• formulating action plans;
• executing action plans; and
• evaluating to what degree action plans have been successful and making
changes when desired results are not being produced.
MoT Analysis
MARKET TECHNICAL FINANCIAL ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
Since technology is Field of technology MoT performs

• New product and such a vital force, and it Reduced costs of management has evaluation process to
new market is variable. MoT clears operations emerged to address check whether
creation. visions and helps in the particular ways in technology is
• Improved customer decision-making While which companies disrupting ecology or if
service considering should approach the it is contributing in
. Technological shift. use of technology in ecosystem.
business strategies and
operations.
Types/Levels of MoT
• At national level/Macro MoT, the domain of technology management
includes the following areas:
• Planning for the development of technological capabilities at the national

level.
• Identification of key sectoral technology and related fields to be
developed.
• Determining ‘make’ or ‘buy’ decisions, i.e., whether importation or self-
development is to be pursued.
• Establishment of institutional mechanisms for directing and coordinating
the development of national technological capabilities.
• Design of policy measures for controls
Levels of MoT
At enterprise level/Micro MoT, includes following areas:
• Integrating technology strategy into the overall corporate strategy.

• Identifying and evaluating technological options and innovations
and the factors relating to their success and failure.
• Directing research and development itself, including determination
and definition of project feasibility.
• Monitoring and planning technological obsolescence and
replacement.
Enterprise Level
Project Analysis
Budget
Technology
Analysis
Management Implementation
Demand
Objectives Plan
Customer
Objectives
Resources
Technological Innovation
• Typically it is thought of as development of new tools, devices,
products, or procedures that are of practical value to society.
1st Approach (TI as Linear Process):

• innovation begins with scientific discovery,
• proceeds through development of practical applications of this
discovery, and
• finally achieves success as dissemination and implementation at the
hands of users.
Technological Innovation (cont.)
2nd Approach (TI as complex set of activities)
• Basic research
• Applied research
• Collaboration
-Listen and explore—What can we do together?-Learn and adjust—How will we learn together?
Focus and align—What should we do together? Link and leverage—What will we do together?
• Technology Development
• Technology Implementation
• Production
-Discrete, Job shop, Process (batch) and Process (continuation)
• Marketing
• Proliferation
• Technology enhancement
Technology Management Framework
Gregory’s Five Step model
Technology Management Capabilities
Capacity and Ability to perform

Selection, Acquisition,
Capacity and Ability to perform
Exploitation, Protection. Capacity and Ability to perform
Knowledge and Innovation
Management Project Management.
Capacity and ability to Learn

new technology and Technology Capacity and ability to perform
Management Capacity and ability to perform Strategy Management for
Technology Identification. Business Development.
Conclusion
• Technology is clearly one of the dominant features of modern world.
• Whether one supports or condemns, there is total consensus that
managing technology effectively is critically important to the success and
survival of individual companies and to national economic well-being
and growth.
• It is ironic that until recently considering our country, management
technology did not, in general, receive the kind of popular attention that
is should have in business, government and management development
programs.
• The issue is how can we interpret “management of technology” in
practical way.
Thank You

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Management of Technology

Awais Ahmad, Irfan Karim and Ahmad Mudasir

-an ‘engine for economic development’,

• If aligned with organization’s vision and strategic goals

• “practical implementations of intelligence”.(Ferre, 1988)

• Technology is the use of knowledge to turn resources into goods

• Science and technology affect all people.

Fredmund Malik (Austrian economist) defines Management as “the

• Management can be an art and to some extent a technology.

• Managing technology involves planning, designing, optimizing,

Business Opportunity Market Analysis

Implement MOT Design

MARKET TECHNICAL FINANCIAL ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL

Since technology is Field of technology MoT performs

• Planning for the development of technological capabilities at the national

• Integrating technology strategy into the overall corporate strategy.

1st Approach (TI as Linear Process):

Capacity and Ability to perform

Capacity and ability to Learn

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