History of the Atom

Scientists and Their Contribution to

the Model of an Atom
 History of the Atom - Timeline
Antoine Lavoisier
makesJ.J. Thomson
a substantial Niels Bohr
number discovers the
of contributions proposes
electron
to the and
field of James
the Bohr Chadwick
proposes the
Chemistry Model in discovered
Plum Pudding
1766 – 1844 1913 the neutron
Model 1871
in 1897
– 1937
1887 – 1961 in in 1932
460 – 370 BC

1800s
1700s

1900s
0

Erwin
Democritus John DaltonErnest RutherfordSchrodinger
proposes proposes performs
his the Gold Foil
describes
the 1st atomic atomic theory
Experiment
in in 1909
the electron
1891 – 1974

theory 1743 – 1794 1803 cloud in 1926

1885 – 1962

Click on picture for more information

1856 – 1940
 Democritus
(460 BC – 370 BC)

• Proposed an Atomic Theory

(along with his mentor
Leucippus) which states that
all atoms are small, hard,
indivisible and indestructible
particles made of a single
material formed into
different shapes and sizes.
• Aristotle did not support his
atomic theory Image taken from: https://reich-
chemistry.wikispaces.com/T.+Glenn+
Time+Line+Project
 Antoine Lavoisier
(1743 – 1794)

 Known as the “Father of Modern

Chemistry”
 Was the first person to generate a list of
thirty-three elements in his textbook
 Devised the metric system
 Was married to a 13-year old Marie-Anne
Pierette Paulze; she assisted him with
much of his work
 Was a tax-collector that was
consequently guillotined during the
French Revolution
 Discovered/proposed that combustion
occurs when oxygen combines with other
elements
Image taken from:
www.ldeo.columbia.edu/.../v1001/geo  Discovered/proposed the Law of
time2.html
Conservation of Mass (or Matter) which
states, in a chemical reaction, matter is
neither created nor destroyed
 John Dalton
(1766 – 1844)

 In 1803, proposed an Atomic Theory

which states:
o All substances are made of atoms;
atoms are small particles that
cannot be created, divided, or
destroyed.
o Atoms of the same element are
exactly alike, and atoms of
different elements are different
o Atoms join with other atoms to
make new substances
 Calculated the atomic weights of many
various elements
 Was a teacher at a very young age
 Was color blind Image taken from:
chemistry.about.com/.../John-
Dalton.htm
 J.J. Thomson
(1856 – 1940)

 Proved that an atom can be divided

into smaller parts
 While experimenting with cathode-
ray tubes, discovered corpuscles,
which were later called electrons
 Stated that the atom is neutral
 In 1897, proposed the Plum Pudding
Model which states that atoms
mostly consist of positively charged
material with negatively charged
particles (electrons) located
Image taken from:
www.wired.com/.../news/2008/04/d

throughout the positive material

ayintech_0430

 Won a Nobel Prize

 Ernest Rutherford
(1871 – 1937)

 In 1909, performed the Gold Foil

Experiment and suggested the following
characteristics of the atom:
o It consists of a small core, or nucleus,
that contains most of the mass of the
atom
o This nucleus is made up of particles
called protons, which have a positive
charge
o The protons are surrounded by
negatively charged electrons, but most
of the atom is actually empty space
 Did extensive work on radioactivity (alpha
& beta particles, gamma rays/waves) and
was referred to as the “Father of Nuclear Image taken from:
Physics” http://www.scientific-
web.com/en/Physics/Biographies/Er
 Won a Nobel Prize nestRutherford.html

 Was a student of J.J. Thomson

 Was on the New Zealand $100 bill
 Niels Bohr
(1885 – 1962)

 In 1913, proposed the Bohr

Model, which suggests that
electrons travel around the
nucleus of an atom in orbits or
definite paths. Additionally, the
electrons can jump from a path
in one level to a path in another
level (depending on their energy)
Image taken from:  Won a Nobel Prize
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ni
els_Bohr.jpg
 Worked with Ernest Rutherford
 Erwin Schrodinger
(1887-1961)

• In 1926, he further explained

the nature of electrons in an
atom by stating that the exact
location of an electron cannot be
stated; therefore, it is more
accurate to view the electrons in
regions called electron clouds;
electron clouds are places where
the electrons are likely to be
found
• Did extensive work on the Wave Image taken from:
nobelprize.org/.../1933/schrodinger

formula  Schrodinger equation -bio.html

• Won a Nobel Prize

 James Chadwick
(1891 – 1974)

 Realized that the atomic mass of

most elements was double the
number of protons  discovery
of the neutron in 1932
 Worked on the Manhattan
Project
 Worked with Ernest Rutherford
 Won a Nobel Prize
Image taken from:
www.wired.com/.../news/2009/02/d
ayintech_0227
 Progression of the Atomic Model

-
-
- - -
- -
- --+-
-
+ - - Electron Cloud

- -
-
-

The structure of an atom, according to: Democritus

James
Ernest
Erwin
Neils
J.J. Bohr&
Schrodinger
Chadwick
Rutherford
Thomson
John Dalton