TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM New (Autosaved)

V.N.D.
Anusha
16X41A04A9
IV ECE-B
Contents
 Objective
 Introduction
 Technologies in detection
 Components
 Working
 Levels of tsunami alerts
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
Objective
A Tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect

tsunamis in advance and issue warnings to prevent loss
of life and damage.

Introduction
 Tsunami is a series of travelling ocean waves of extremely
long length generated by disturbance associated by primarily
with earthquakes occuring below or near the ocean floor.
 Each DART station consists of a surface buoy and a seafloor
bottom pressure recording (BPR) package that detects pressure
changes caused by tsunamis.
 The surface buoy receives transmitted information from the
BPR via an acoustic link and then transmits data to a satellite.
Cont’d
 It retransmits the data to ground stations for immediate
dissemination to NOAA's Tsunami Warning Centers.
 NOAA's National Data Buoy Center, and NOAA's Pacific

Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL).
 The Iridium commercial satellite phone network is used

for communication between the buoys.
Types of SWS
There are two distinct types of TWS :
 International Warning System
 Regional Warning System

International Warnimg System
 This system uses both data like seismic and water level data
from coastal buoys.
 Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave

travel at 14,400 km/hr.
 This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be made.
 It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.

Regional Warning System
 Regional warning system centers use seismic data about
nearby recent earthquakes to determine if there is a possible
local threat of a tsunami.
 Such systems are capable of issuing warnings to the general
public in less than 15 minutes.
 It is almost always impossible to know whether underwater
ground shifts have occurred which will result in tsunami
waves.
 As a result, false alarms can occur with these systems
Technologies in Tsunami Detection
 Three types of technologies are used for detecting
tsunami :
Seismometers
 Earthquakes are measured based on its magnitude
recorded by its seismograph.
Drawbacks of Seismograph:
 Data is indirect and interpretation is difficult.
 It involves poor understanding of seismic coupling.

Tidal Gauge
 Measure sea level near coastal area.
 Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves

following an earthquake.
Drawbacks of tidal gauge :
 May not survive impact of tsunami.
 Cannot provide data that are especially important to

operational hazard assessment directly.
DART Buoys
 Report to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.

 Information are processed to produce a new and more
refined estimate of tsunami source.
 Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.
Components
BPR:
 The Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)
detects water pressure when a passing
tsunami increases the height of water above
it .
 It collects the temperature and pressure at 15
seconds intervals.
 This system is capable of detecting tsunami
as small as 1cm.
Surface Buoy:
 It is used to confirm the existence of
tsunami waves generated by undersea
earthquakes.
 These buoys observe and record

changes in sea level out in the deep
ocean.
 It enhances the capability for early

detection and real-time reporting of
tsunamis before they reach land.
Working
 An array of reporting systems is to be deployed in the Indian ocean
such that it covers the entire coastal areas.
 Functioning of the system begins with the detection of an

earthquake.
 When the earthquake occurs, it generates seismic surface waves

(SSWs) that travel in all the BPR’s one by one.
 Once a BPR detects SSWs, it will start transmitting this data to the
warning centre through the satellite communication.
 Monitoring and transmitting the average sea-level data until the sea
comes to its normal state.
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of
Tsunami
Levels of tsunami alerts
Four levels of tsunami alerts are:
1. Tsunami Warning:
• A Tsunami that may cause wide spread flooding is
expected or occuring.
• Dangerous coastal flooding and powerful currents are
possible.
• It may continue for several hours or days.
2. Tsunami Advisory:
• A Tsunami with a potential for strong currents or waves
dangerous to those in near the water is expected to occur.
• There may be flodding of beach and harbour areas
Cont’d
3. Tsunami Watch:
• A distant earth quake has occurred.
• A tsunami is possible.
4. Tsunami information statement:
• An earth quake has occurred, but there is no

threat or it was very far away and the threat has
not been determined.
ADVANTAGES
 Deaths can be reduced.
 Easily evacuate from indoor.

DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive equipments.
 High maintenance cost.
 Requires multiple communication links :
Satellite uplink, Satellite downlink, notification to
authorities, authorities must notify coastal dwellers.

CONCLUSION
 Tsunamis cannot be prevented but this system is capable

of predicting the risk of tsunamis before the wave
reaches land.

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V.N.D.

A Tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect

of life and damage.

 NOAA's National Data Buoy Center, and NOAA's Pacific

 The Iridium commercial satellite phone network is used

There are two distinct types of TWS :

 International Warning System

 Regional Warning System

 Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave

 This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be made.

 It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.

 Data is indirect and interpretation is difficult.

 It involves poor understanding of seismic coupling.

 Measure sea level near coastal area.

 Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves

Drawbacks of tidal gauge :

 May not survive impact of tsunami.

 Cannot provide data that are especially important to

 Report to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.

 These buoys observe and record

 It enhances the capability for early

 Functioning of the system begins with the detection of an

 When the earthquake occurs, it generates seismic surface waves

4. Tsunami information statement:

• An earth quake has occurred, but there is no

 Deaths can be reduced.

 Easily evacuate from indoor.

 High maintenance cost.

 Requires multiple communication links :

Satellite uplink, Satellite downlink, notification to

authorities, authorities must notify coastal dwellers.

 Tsunamis cannot be prevented but this system is capable

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