Immediate Action Drills - Lesson Plan

IMMEDIATE
ACTION DRILLS
CS1102
ENEMY CONTACT
A patrol may make contact with the enemy
at any time
Contact may be through observation,

meeting engagement, or ambush
Contact may be visual

 PL decides whether to make or avoid
physical contact, based on mission and
ability to succeed
2
ENEMY CONTACT
Two types of physical contact
Meeting engagement
 Accidental meeting where neither the enemy nor
patrol expect contact or are not specifically prepared
to deal with it
Ambush
 Surprise attack from a concealed position
3
ENEMY CONTACT
Offensive and Defensive Actions

Patrol’s assigned mission prohibits
physical contact
 Physical contact is avoided whenever
possible
 If physical contact unavoidable, break
contact as quickly as possible
4
ENEMY CONTACT
Offensive and Defensive Actions
Patrol’s assigned mission permits or

requires it to seek or exploit
opportunities for contact
 Typically combat patrols

5
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
Contacts are often:
 Unexpected
 At very close ranges
 Short in duration
Little time to evaluate situation and
issue orders
6
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
Provide swift and positive small unit
reaction to enemy contact
Simple courses of action
 Initiated and controlled by minimal

signals or commands
7
IMMEDIATE ACTIONS
 No drill for every possible

situation.
 One drill can be used in

different situations.
 Hand and arm signals

8
IMMEDIATE HALT
Patrol detects enemy, but is not
detected itself
First member visually detecting

enemy gives signal for “Freeze”
Every member halts in place, weapon

at ready and remains motionless
9
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
A danger area is any place where the
patrol is vulnerable to enemy
observation or fire.
Units try to avoid danger areas.
If a unit must cross a danger area, it
does so with great caution and as
quickly as possible.
10
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Types of danger areas
Linear
Large Open Areas
Small Open Areas

11
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Other Types of Danger Areas
Villages
Enemy Positions
Minefields
Wire Obstacles
12
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Steps To Cross A Danger Area
Designate near and far side
rally points
Secure the near side (right,
left flanks, and rear
security
Reconnoiter and secure the
far side
Execute crossing the danger
area
13
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Near Side Security
The near side security is normally from

the trail element in the patrol, and is
controlled by the assistant patrol leader.
The near side security will observe the
flanks and overwatch the crossing of the
far side security and eventually the
patrol.
14
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Far Side Security
Used when the near side security is in place
The far side security team clears the far side.
Establishes an observation point forward of

the cleared area.
Signals back to the patrol leader that the area

is clear
15
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Far Side Security (Box Reconnaissance)
Poor visibility.
Two man security team
Separate, searching out either flank to the first
high ground or limits of observation.
Turn back toward the danger area and search
One will move back to where they initially
separated while the other will signal the patrol all
clear.
16
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Far Side Security (ZigZag
Reconnaissance)
In light under brush or good visibility.
One person remains.
The other checks the wood line in a zigzag
pattern and reports back to the one remaining
behind.
A signal is relayed to the patrol all clear.
17
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
Individual Security
Point the weapon outboard.
Be prepared to bring the weapon to the
ready.
Pass on all hand and arm signals.
Constantly observe and assess potential
targets in your assigned area of
responsibility.
18
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
 Linear Danger Area.
 Large Open Danger Area.
 Small Open Danger Area.

-Detour Bypass Method..
-Contouring Around the Open Area.
19
CROSSING A DANGER
AREA
 Individual Responsibilities for Crossing Danger
Areas.
 Watch for the hand and arm signals

 Pass the hand and arm signal for danger area.
 Orient the weapon outboard
 Cross with a partner
 Move quickly.
 Move to the position assigned by the element leader.
 Orient the weapon outboard.
 Provide security
20
AIR OBSERVATION OR
ATTACK
Actions designed to reduce the danger of
detection from aircraft
Air observation
- The first member hearing or sighting an
aircraft that may be a threat signals FREEZE.
- Every member halts in place until the patrol
leader identifies the aircraft and gives further
signals or orders.
- Members of the patrol must not look up at
the aircraft as sunlight can reflect off their
faces even when camouflaged. 21
AIR OBSERVATION OR
ATTACK
 Air Attack - When aircraft detect a
patrol and makes a low level attack
First member sighting aircraft sounds

off, “Aircraft and direction”
Marines get into desired formation

22
AIR OBSERVATION OR
ATTACK
 Each member comes on line, using available
cover, but perpendicular to aircraft
Between attacks, if aircraft returns, patrol

members seek better cover
Attacking aircraft are fired upon only on

command of patrol leader. Highly
discouraged.
23
IED DETECTION AND
DETONATION
Execute the “5 C’s”
 Confirm
 Clear the area
 Call higher
 Cordon area
 Control the site and all individuals
24
IED DETECTION AND
DETONATION
Execute I.A. drill for counter ambush
Move out of kill zone/seek cover/look for

secondary devices
Report contact via SALUTE report
Establish security/sectors of fire/observe

all personnel in area
25
IED DETECTION AND
DETONATION
• Look for personnel fleeing vehicles.
• Utilize Rules of Engagement.
• Care for wounded/MEDEVAC.
• Secure suspected evidence.
• Continue mission when directed.

26
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Hasty Ambush
Avoid contact and prepare to initiate an

unplanned Ambush.
“HASTY AMBUSH” signal given.
27
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Initiating the Ambush
PL may decide not to initiate
Enemy allowed to advance until in
most vulnerable position before initiating
PL initiates by firing and shouting
If detected early, first member aware
of detection initiates ambush
28
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Immediate Assault
Used to:
 Make and break unavoidable contact

(defensive)
 Decisively engage the enemy

(offensive)
29
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Immediate Assault
Members nearest enemy open fire
and shout “CONTACT” and
direction of incoming attack
Patrol moves swiftly into line

formation and assaults
30
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Defensive Measures
Assault is stopped if enemy withdraws
and contact is broken quickly
If enemy stands fast, assault is

carried through enemy positions and
movement is continued until contact is
broken
31
MEETING ENGAGEMENT
Offensive Measures
Escapees are pursued and destroyed
until PL orders patrol to break contact
If patrol is fired upon from
beyond 50m, patrol must break contact
If patrol engages enemy too long,
it may put mission in jeopardy
32
BREAKING CONTACT
Fire and Maneuver

Means of breaking contact
One portion of patrol returns enemy fire while

another portion moves by bounds away from
enemy
Each portion of the patrol covers the other by

fire until they all break contact
33
BREAKING CONTACT
Clock System
12 o’clock is direction of
movement 12
P
PL shouts direction and distance A
Members keep same relative 9 T

3
R
positions O
Subordinate leaders ensure

L
proper movement 6
34
COUNTER AMBUSH
When a patrol is ambushed, the
immediate action drill used depends on
whether the ambush is a near ambush
or a far ambush
If the enemy is within fifty meters of
the patrol it is a near ambush. If the
enemy is beyond fifty meters of the
patrol it is a far ambush.
35
COUNTER AMBUSH
Near Ambush
Members in kill zone

assault directly into
ambush position
Members not in kill zone

maneuver against
enemy
Continues until
everyone is out of kill
zone
36
COUNTER AMBUSH
Far Ambush
Members in kill zone
return fire and take cover
Continued until order

to break contact is
given
Members not in kill
zone maneuver
against enemy
37
DEMONSTRATION/
PRATICAL APPLICATION
38
SUMMARY
39

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What are the different types of enemy contact a patrol may experience?

What are the different types of enemy contact a patrol may experience?

What are the steps to cross a danger area?

What are the steps to cross a danger area?

IMMEDIATE

Contact may be through observation,

Contact may be visual

Offensive and Defensive Actions

Offensive and Defensive Actions

Patrol’s assigned mission permits or

 Typically combat patrols

Simple courses of action

 Initiated and controlled by minimal

 No drill for every possible

 One drill can be used in

 Hand and arm signals

First member visually detecting

Every member halts in place, weapon

Large Open Areas

Small Open Areas

The near side security is normally from

Used when the near side security is in place

The far side security team clears the far side.

Establishes an observation point forward of

Signals back to the patrol leader that the area

 Large Open Danger Area.

 Small Open Danger Area.

 Watch for the hand and arm signals

First member sighting aircraft sounds

Marines get into desired formation

Between attacks, if aircraft returns, patrol

Attacking aircraft are fired upon only on

Move out of kill zone/seek cover/look for

Report contact via SALUTE report

Establish security/sectors of fire/observe

• Utilize Rules of Engagement.

• Care for wounded/MEDEVAC.

• Secure suspected evidence.

• Continue mission when directed.

Avoid contact and prepare to initiate an

“HASTY AMBUSH” signal given.

 Make and break unavoidable contact

 Decisively engage the enemy

Patrol moves swiftly into line

If enemy stands fast, assault is

Fire and Maneuver

One portion of patrol returns enemy fire while

Each portion of the patrol covers the other by

Members keep same relative 9 T

Subordinate leaders ensure

Members in kill zone

Members not in kill zone

Continued until order

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