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    C Programming

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    dharini raju
    Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

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    C Programming

    Uploaded by

    dharini raju
    59 views15 pages
    Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

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    Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views15 pages

    C Programming

    Uploaded by

    dharini raju
    Functions in C can be called by value or by reference. Calling by value passes copies of arguments, so changes made in the function do not affect the original variables. Calling by reference passes the addresses of arguments, allowing the function to access and modify the original variables. Common predefined functions in C like printf, scanf, pow, and sqrt are defined in header files and perform essential tasks like input/output and math operations.

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    Functions

    Advanced C Project
    Benefits of Fuctions
    What are fuctions?
    Function design
    Types Of Function Calls

    Call by
    Call by value reference
    Sends values of the
    arguments Sends addresses of
    the arguments
    main() Call by value
    int a=20,b=10;

    swap(a,b); \\Calling function


    Value of a and b is
    printf(“a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);
    copied into x and y
    swap(int x,int y) \\Called function

    int t;

    t=x; Output :
    x=y; x=10 , y=20
    y=t;
    a=20 , b=10
    printf(“x=%d,y=%d”,x,y);
    Conclusion:

    ★ With this method, the changes made to the


    arguments in the called function have no effect on
    the arguments in the calling function.
    main() Call by reference a b
    int a=20,b=10; 20 10
    1001 1002
    swap(&a,&b);

    printf(“a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);
    a b
    swap(int *x,int *y) 10 20
    int t; 1001 1002

    t=*x;
    x y
    *x=*y; Output:
    1001 1002
    a=10 b=20
    *y=t;
    2003 2004
    Conclusion:

    ★ With this method, using addresses in the called function,


    we can have an access to the arguments in the calling
    function and hence we can manipulate them.
    ★ Using a call by reference, we can make a function return
    more than one value at a time, which is not possible
    ordinarily.
    PRE-DEFINED FUNCTIONS IN C LANGUAGE:
    ● Basically, predefined functions in C program means whose defintion is already
    saved in the header files.
    ● There are many Inbuilt functions in C program, those are also said to be library
    functions.

    Few Pre-defined functions are explained below:

    Syntax for printf: printf(“hello“);// when any comment has to be


    printed//

    printf(“format specifier“,var_name);//when value of a


    variable has to be displayed.//
    2.Syntax for scanf: scanf("access modifier",&var_name);

    The defination of printf & scanf functions is stored in <stdio.h> file.

    3.Syntax for getch getch();

    4.Syntax for clrscr clrscr();

    The defination of getch & clrscr functions is stored in <conio.h> file.


    5. Syntax for pow() var_name=pow(base,index);

    6.Syntax for sqrt() var_name=sqrt(var_name);

    The defination of pow() & sqrt() is stored in <math.h> header file.


    Example for printf,scanf & getch,clrscr functions.
    #include<stdio.h>

    #include<conio.h>

    void main()

    int a;

    clrscr();

    printf(“Enter any no: “);

    scanf(“%d“,a);
    getch();

    Example for pow & sqrt functions.

    #include<stdio.h>

    #include<conio.h>

    #include<math.h>

    void main()
    {

    int a,p,rt;

    clrscr();

    printf(“Enter any no: “);

    scanf(“%d“,a);

    p=pow(a,4);

    rt=sqrt(a);

    printf(“power of the number is:%d “,p);

    printf(“square root of the number is:%d “,rt);

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