Chapter 3 ART APPRECIATION

PALEOLITHI
C
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
• Paleolithic art concerned itself with either food (hunting scenes,
animal carvings) or fertility (Venus figurines). Its predominant
theme was animals.
• It is considered to be an attempt, by Stone Age peoples, to gain
some sort of control over their environment, whether by magic
or ritual.
• Art from this period represents a giant leap in human cognition:
abstract thinking.
SUBDIVISIONS
• LOWER PALEOLITHIC (c. 2.5 million – 200,000
BCE)
• MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC ( c. 200,000 – 40, 000 BCE)
• UPPER PALEOLITHIC (c. 40,000 – 10,000 BCE)

LOWER PALEOLITHIC
-(c. 2.5 million – 200,000 BCE)
-Earliest period of Paleolithic era
- Petroglyphs / Cupules
- The earliest recorded examples of human art were created in the
caves and rock shelters of central India.
- The earliest art is the Petroglyphs of Bhimbetka - consisting
of cupules and other rock art found at Auditorium Cave,
Bhimbetka and at Daraki-Chattan Cave, both in Madhya
Pradesh, Central India, and both dated c.290,000 - 700,000
BCE or later
PETROGLYPH - is an image created by removing part of a rock
surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock
art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as
"carving", "engraving“.
LOWER PALEOLITHIC CAVE PAINTING IN CENTRAL INDIA
Venus of Berekhat Ram
MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC
- ( c. 200,000 – 40, 000 BCE)
- The second stage of the Paleolithic era
- Appearance of anatomically modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens) in
sub-Saharan Africa.
- Earliest African Art appears, the Venus of Tan-tan figurine. Modern
man begins to migrate north out of Africa (100,000-70,000 BCE).
- Beginning of last Ice Age.
- Blombos Cave paintings with cross-hatch designs on two pieces of
ochre rock.
- Diepkloof eggshell engravings, Africa's next oldest art
Venus of Tan-tan
Blombos Cave painting
Diepkloof eggshell engravings
UPPER PALEOLITHIC
- ( 40, 000 – 10,000 BCE)
- Start of Auriganacian art - the beginning of cave art around the
world.
- First of the venus figurines - the venus of hohle fels is made.
Venus figurines are miniature carvings of obese female figures
with exaggerated body parts and genitalia.
- gabarnmang charcoal drawing (carbon-dated to 26,000 BCE) in
Arnhem Land. First of the engraved drawings at the grotte des
deux ouvartures in the Ardeche.
Venus of Willendorf
MESOLITHIC
ERA
MESOLITHIC ERA
• 10,000 – 8,000 BCE
• Middle Stone Age
• the beginning of farming, with its cultivation.
• The use of small chipped stone tools called microliths and

retouched bladelets are the key factor to identify the Mesolithic
as a prehistoric period.
MESOLITHIC ERA
• Mesolithic people likely continued the art forms developed
during the Upper Paleolithic Period, including cave paintings
and engravings , small sculptural artifacts , and early megalithic
architecture.
• The most extensive collection of Mesolithic rock art has been
found on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. These paintings
consist of human and animal figures in scenes of hunting and
early agricultural activities, such as collecting honey.
MESOLITHIC ERA
• Microlith:A small stone tool.
• Mesolithic:A prehistoric period that lasted between 10,000 and
5,000 BC.
• Megalith:A construction involving one or several roughly hewn stone
slabs of great size.

The Man of Bicorp: The Man
of Bicorp holding onto lianas
to gather honey from a
beehive as depicted on an
8000-year-old cave painting
near Valencia, Spain.
Dance of
the Cogul:
El Cogul,
Catalonia,
Spain
MESOLITHIC ERA
• A Mesolithic pendant excavated in England bears striking
similarities with contemporary pendants produced in Denmark.
Whether this points to intercultural contact or travel across vast
expanses is unclear.
Star Carr pendant: The incised lines bear striking
similarities to similar objects found in Denmark.
NEOLITHIC
ERA
NEOLITHIC ERA
• The Neolithic or New Stone Age was a period in human
development from around 10,000 BCE until 3,000 BCE.
• Neolithic Eras began after the end of the last Ice Age
NEOLITHIC ERA
• The majority of the art produced by Neolithic artists is functional in
nature and used in their daily lives, such as pottery or terracotta
representations of deity that would have been found in the home.
• There are other greater and larger pieces like the megaliths, shrines,
tombs, and rock carvings. There are also smaller items like jewelry.
Syrian Tel Halaf

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PALEOLITHI

• MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC ( c. 200,000 – 40, 000 BCE)

• UPPER PALEOLITHIC (c. 40,000 – 10,000 BCE)

• Middle Stone Age

• the beginning of farming, with its cultivation.

• The use of small chipped stone tools called microliths and

• Mesolithic:A prehistoric period that lasted between 10,000 and

• Megalith:A construction involving one or several roughly hewn stone

slabs of great size.

similarities with contemporary pendants produced in Denmark.

Whether this points to intercultural contact or travel across vast

development from around 10,000 BCE until 3,000 BCE.

nature and used in their daily lives, such as pottery or terracotta

representations of deity that would have been found in the home.

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