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Eduction Logic

The document discusses categorical propositions and different types of categorical composition, including conversion and obversion. [1] Conversion involves interchanging the subject and predicate of a proposition while maintaining the quality. [2] Obversion retains the subject and quantity but changes the quality to the opposite, and replaces the predicate with its contradictory term. [3] Both conversion and obversion are methods for deriving new propositions from original ones through logical operations on subjects and predicates.

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Marynette Mapa
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456 views

Eduction Logic

The document discusses categorical propositions and different types of categorical composition, including conversion and obversion. [1] Conversion involves interchanging the subject and predicate of a proposition while maintaining the quality. [2] Obversion retains the subject and quantity but changes the quality to the opposite, and replaces the predicate with its contradictory term. [3] Both conversion and obversion are methods for deriving new propositions from original ones through logical operations on subjects and predicates.

Uploaded by

Marynette Mapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DE LA PENA | MAPA

EDUCTION

• Is the formulation of a new proposition by


the interchange of the subject and the
predicate of an original proposition and/or
by the use or removal of negatives.
CATEGORICAL PROPOSITION

• A proposition that relates two classes, or categories

• The classes in question are denoted respectively by


the subjective term and predicate term and the
proposition asserts that either all or part of the class
denoted by the subjective term is included or
excluded from the class denoted by the predicate
term.
American idols contestant hope for recognition

EXAMPLES Junk foods do not belong in school cafeterias

Not all romances have happy ending.


TYPES OF CATEGORICAL COMPOSITION

whole subject is including in Part of the subject is included


the predicate class in the predicate class

whole subject is excluded in Part of the subject is excluded


the predicate class in the predicate class
STANDARD-FORM
CATEGORICAL
PROPOSITION

• A categorical proposition that


expresses relations with
complete clarity
KINDS OF FORMAL EDUCTION:

1. CONVERSION

• Simple Conversion
• Partial Conversion

2. OBVERSION
CONVERSION

• It is the formulation of a new proposition by interchanging the


subject and predicate of an original proposition but leaving its
quality unchanged.
• It consist of switching the subject term with the predicate
term.

• For example, if the statement “No foxes are hedgehogs” is


converted, the result statement is “No hedgehogs are foxes”
Interchange the subject and the predicate.

RULES FOR Retain the quality.


CONVERSION

Do not extend any term.


A. SIMPLE CONVERSION

• The conversion is simple if the quantity of the converse is the


same as the quantity of the convertend. (E-E) (I-I)

EXAMPLES:
• E- No cat is a dog.
• E- No dog is a cat.
• I- Some students are scholars.
• I- Some scholars are students.
B. PARTIAL CONVERSION

• The conversion is partial if the quantity of the


proposition is reduced from universal to
particular. (A to I)

EXAMPLES:
• A- All bananas are fruits.
• I- Some fruits are bananas.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

All A are B Therefore, all A are B

Some A are B Therefore some B are not A


OBVERSION

• It is the formulation of a new proposition by retaining the


subject and quantity of an original proposition, changing its
quality, and using as predicate the contradictory of the
original predicate.

• (A to E) (E to A)
• (I to O) (O to I)
Retain the subject and quantity of the
obvertend.

Change the quality. If the obvertend is


RULES FOR affirmative, the obverse must be negative;
OBVERSION and if the obvertend is negative to
obverse must be affirmative.

As predicate, use the contradictory predicate


of the original proposition.
EXAMPLES

A- All men are free.


E- No men are non-free.
I- Some men are dishonest.
E- No men are free.
O- Some men are not honest.
A- All men are non-free.
O- Some houses are not white.
I- Some houses are non-white.
OBVERSION
• More complicated than conversion
requires two steps:
(1) without changing the quantity
(2) replacing the predicate with its
term compliment

• Requires understanding of the


concept class complement
CLASS COMPLEMENT

• The complement of the class is the group


consisting everything outside the class.

• For example, the complement of the class of


dogs is the group that includes everything
that is not a dog (e.g., cats, fish, duck, etc.)
• Is the word or
TERM COMPLEMENT group of words
that denotes class
complement.

• Usually, formed by
simply attaching
prefix “non” to
the term.
First, we change the quality
(without changing the quantity),
and then we replace predicated
term with its term compliment.

For example:
“All horses are animals”
Obverse:
“No horses are non-animals”
THANK YOU

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