GOVERNING

 Governing means to control and regulate

certain parameters to achieve expected
functional requirements.

 Hence Governing system is designed to

achieve functional requirements
(Speed,Load etc) of TG operation by
controlling and regulating steam input
parameters.
 FUNCTIONS
 Control the turbine speed at no load
during synchronizing and during load
throw off.
 Control the load when running in
parallel with other generating sets.
 With Protective gear system, the safe
operation of turbine is ensured.
 TYPES OF GOVERNING

 NOZZLE GOVERNING

 THROTTLE GOVERNING

 In both methods unit may be

operated at constant pressure or
variable pressure
 NOZZLE GOVERNING
 In this method Inlet nozzles are made
up in sets, each set being being
controlled by separate valve.
 With increase and decrease in load
required no of nozzles can be opened
or closed.
 Each valve may have separate or single
control. This method is mostly adopted
in LMW machines.
 This is efficient at part load operation.
 THROTTLE GOVERNING
 Steam flow is controlled by throttling the
steam by simultaneous operation of
control valves by which first stage
pressure at turbine inlet can be
regulated according to the load.
 In throttling enthalpy remain constant
but available energy for doing work
reduces.
 In KWU turbines this type is adopted
 DROOP
 Percentage of change in speed with
respect to no load speed is called
steady state regulation or DROOP of
the machine
 DROOP = (N2-N1)/N2 X 100
= (3000-3150)3000X100
=5%
 N1- Full load speed
 N2 – No load speed
 DROOP CALCULATION
Example for 250 MW UNIT
5% droop = 5% of 50 HZ = 2.5 HZ
2.5 HZ =250 MW unit
0.1 HZ= (250/2.5)x0.1= 10 MW
Droop of the machine decides the load
sharing by the machine connected to
grid during demand changes.
DROOP CHRACTERSTICS
 Hydro turbines and gas turbines can be
loaded and unloaded frequently without
much disturbance hence these units are
called peak load units with lower droop
3 % (higher load variation).
 Coal fired units which contribute 70% of
demand are adjusted with higher droop
5 to 8%(Lower load variation). Hence
they are termed as base load units.
TRANSIENT SPEED RAISE
 During load rejection,turbine speed
shoots up temporarily, before settling
down to steady state value.
 This temporary speed rise is called TSR
and should be within 7 to 8 %.
 This depends upon the governing action
and location of the control valves.
 More the location of valves higher will
be TSR
 TSR
OVER SPEED VALUE
110

108

SPEED STEADY STATE

TSR

2 secs TIME IN SECS

 DEAD BAND
 The inertia machine resists any change
in the present state.
 Response of the machine to the signal
from governing system will be inversely
proportional to the inertia of the machine.
 Certain motion will be lost due to friction
present in governing.
 This lost motion is called dead band.
 This is not to exceed 0.5%
Features of KWU governing

 MHG back up for EHG

 Throttle governing is adopted

 Regulation of droop in EHG can be

adjusted to 2.5% to 8%
 Normal droop setting is 5%

 MHG regulation setting is 5%

 Control valves open with varying

sec oil pr
 Closing time of servo motors

 ESV -0.26 sec

 HPCV - 0.4 sec
 ISV - 0.8 sec
 IPCV - 0.8 sec
 HPcontrol valves controls from 0 to
100 % load

 IPcontrol valves have a controlling

function up to 20% load(40 MW)
 After 20% load controlling is done
by HPCV

 Trimming device is used for IP

control valves to control HP
exhaust hood temp
 ATT is provided to check the protective
devices and closing of HP &IP SVS & CVS
 Precise load frequency with high sensitivity
 Reliable operation in case of islanding or
block load
 Safe operation of turbine with influence of
TSE
GOVERNING CHARACTERSTICS

 After overhauling of governing rack

elements it is essential to tune elements
to to the desired operating level.
 Each element EHC, MHC etc will be
calibrated individually.
 Governing valves characteristics will
also be carried out for HP control valves
and IP control valves
 GOVERNING RACK ELEMENTS
1. SELF CLEANING FILTERS
2. REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID VALVES
3. MAIN TRIP VALVES
4. MECHANICAL HYDR.GOVERNOR
5. ELECTRO HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR
6. PILOT VALVE OF CRH NRVS
7. OVERSPEED TRIP TEST DEVICE
8. LOW VACUUM TRIP DEVICE
9. AXIAL SHIFT OR THRUST WEAR
EXCESS
GOVERNING CHARACTERSTICS
1. STOP VALVES
2. MAIN TRIP VALVES
3. HYDRAULIC GOVERNING
4. EHC GOVERNING
5. HP CONTROL VALVES
6. IP CONTROL VALVES
7. CRH NRV
8. EXTRACTION NRVS
 DIFFERENT OILS USED IN GOVERNING

S.No Name of Oil Source & pressure Purpose Colour Code

1. Control Oil MOP/AOP ( 7-8.5 Kg/cm2) To establish Trip Oil, Aux Trip Oil,
Trip Oil, Start-up Oil, Aux Start-up
Oil, Aux Secondary Oil, Secondary
Oil, Primary Oil, Etc
2. Main Trip Valve (4.8-6 Kg/cm2)
Trip Oil To reset , Open & Trip stop valve
3. Main Trip Valve (4.8-6 Kg/cm )
2
To trip main trip valve during
Aux Trip Oil action of Hydraulic Trip Device
4. Starting Device ( 5.5 Kg/cm2) To assist Resetting & Opening
Start-up Oil Stop Valves
5. Aux Start- Starting Device ( 5.5 Kg/cm2) To Reset Main Trip Valve &
Hydraulic Trip Device
up Oil
6. Aux Speeder Gear ( 2.3-4.8 Kg/cm2) Input Signal to Hydraulic
Converter
Secondary
Oil
7. Secondary Hyd/Electro-Hyd Converter ( 0-6 To govern HP/IP Control Valve
Kg/cm2) opening
Oil
(HP/IP)
8. Primary Oil Pump ( 0-2.3 Speed Feedback signal from
Primary Oil Kg/cm2) impeller for HG

9. Over Speed Test Device ( 2.0

Test Oil Kg/cm2) To test Over Speed Test Device

10. Drains
RESETTING OF MTV FOR MAIN TRIP
ESTABLISHING
TRIP/AUX TRIP OIL VALVE

TRIPPING OF MTV FOR

KILLING TRIP OIL
DRAI
N

TRIP OIL TO RESET/OPEN STOP CONTROL OIL

VALVE & FOLLOW-UP VALVES ETC FROM
TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL (4.8- AOP/MOP(6-8.5
6.0 Kg/cm2) Kg/cm2)

TRIP OIL TO RESET/OPEN STOP

VALVE & FOLLOW-UP VALVES ETC AUX TRIP OIL TO
TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL (0 HYDRAULIC TRIP
Kg/cm2) DEVICES (4.8-6.0
AUXKg/cm2)
TRIP OIL TO
HYDRAULIC TRIP
DEVICES (0 Kg/cm2)

AUX START-UP OIL FROM

STARTING DEVICE (“0”
POSITION)
STOP VALVE
TRIP OIL ABOVE PISTON

CYLINDER
SPRING
Drain
PISTON
SPRING DISC
TRIP OIL BELOW PISTON DISC
PISTON DISC

TRIPPING
RESETTING OPENING
 STOP V/V OPERATION
START-UP OIL TO TEST V/V TEST
VALVE

TRIP OIL TO STOP V/V

MTV
RTSV’S

DRAIN Filter
AUX START-UP OIL

AUX START-UP OIL TO STOP

TO MTV

HYD TRIP DEVICE VALVE

S/D SERVO-
MOTOR
HYD TRIP
DEVICE

AUX TRIP OIL TO HYD

TRIP DEVICE

OPENING OF STOP VALVES BY

RESETTING OF RTSV(DE-ENERGIZING)
RAISING STARTING DEVICE
& HYD. TRIP DEVICES & MTV
THROUGH STARTING DEVICE AT “0” DRAIN STOP VALVE
 RESETTING OF MTV
A
REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID O
OPERATED VALVES P
CONTROL OIL
D
FROM AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP i
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE s
SECONDARY OIL h
Filter a
DRAIN
r
g
e
h AOP/
e MOP
a
d
e
r
AUX START-UP
OIL TO RESET
MTV & HTD
AUX TRIP OIL TO
HYDRAULIC TRIPING
DEVICES
 TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICE (MECHANICAL)
TRIPPING
THROUGH HYD
TRIPDEVICE
REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID
OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL
FROM AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAIN

AUX START-UP OIL TO

RESET HYD TRIP DEVICES

AUX TRIP OIL TO

AUX START-UP HYDRAULIC TRIPING
OIL TO RESET DEVICES
MTV

HYDRAULIC
TRIP DEVICE
AUX TRIP OIL TO
THE HYDRAULIC
TRIPING DEVICES
 RESETTING OF MTV THROUGH MECHANICAL TRIP DEVICE

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID

OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL
FROM AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAIN

AUX START-UP AUX START-UP OIL

OIL TO RESET TO RESET
MTV HYDRAULIC TRIP
DEVICES

HYDRAULIC
TRIP DEVICE

AUX TRIP OIL TO

THE HYDRAULIC
TRIPING DEVICES
 TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH
RTSV (ELECTRICAL)
TRIPPING
THROUGH RTSV

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID

OPERATED VALVES
CONTROL OIL
FROM AOP/MOP
TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP
V/V’S & AND TO PRODUCE
SECONDARY OIL
Filter
DRAIN

AUX START-UP
OIL TO RESET AUX TRIP OIL TO
MTV HYDRAULIC TRIPING
DEVICES
 Aux Follow-up HYDRAULIC
Piston
GOVERNOR
Starting Device Speeder Gear
Aux Secondary Oil To
Hyd. Governor

75 10
0
50
Speeder
25 Gear
Trip Oil
From In %
MTV
0

75 10
Aux Follow-up
50 0
Valve
Starting
Device
Control 25
Oil
In %
Primary Oil 0
(0- Primary Oil
Link 2.3Kg/cm2) Pump
Starting Device Speeder Gear
 HP Sec. Oil

Follow - up valves
HG & EHG IP Sec. Oil

Aux Sec Oil

from S/G Hydraulic Converter

Amplifier
Piston

Trim
Control Device
Oil

HP Sec. Oil

Electro-Hydraulic Converter Trip Oil

From Follow - up valves
MTV
0-10V IP Sec. Oil
Supply from
ATRS Amplifier
Piston
Control
Oil
Trim
Device

HG/E
Trip Oil
From
HG
MTV