INTERSUBJECTIVITY

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INTERSUBJECTIVITY

HUMAN HAVE THE NATURAL AND


UNIVERSAL TENDENCY TO
RELATE, TO ESTABLISH
ATTACHMENTS, AND SEEK CLOSE
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER
PEOPLE. Our human nature
drives us to reach out to other
people and interact with them in
meaningful ways.
How do we as
human persons
relate with others?
Our ability to engage in meaningful
interactions with other people, our
surroundings, and everything around us
is rooted in our capacity for self-
awareness and transcendence.
Before we relate to others, we must first
be aware of ourselves as rational
individuals capable of determined and
reasonable action.
Interpersonal relations are made possible
when the “self” becomes aware of the
“other”.
It
“other”
includes everyone and
everything outside the “self”.
It may be a human being or a
thing that exists outside of your
“self”.
Examples: your seatmate, your
bag, your ball on your desk
Our human nature not only
enable us to recognize the
“self” that defines our
individuality, it also enables us
to recognize that other human
beings also possess a “self”. This
notion of recognizing the “self”
in the other is how philosophers
define interpersonal relations.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Itrefers to the shared
awareness and
understanding among
persons. It is made possible
by the awareness of the
“self” and the “other”.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Italso carries the meaning of “a
unique relationship between distinct
subjects”. It refers to the
characteristic of the human person
to engage in a very intimate and
personal relationship with others.
This is possible because the person
has an inner life or interiority.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Italso allows the individual to become
closer to the others in many different
ways. In everyday social interactions,
persons have the ability to agree and
cooperate with each other. There is
also the experience of shared or
“common” knowledge and shared
emotions such as grief, joy, and love.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Levels of Self-Other Interaction
1) Simple awareness of the
existence of the “other” –
when we see other people walking
down the street, we are aware that
there are other beings unique from
us, and that they exist outside of
our own awareness or perception.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Levels of Self-Other Interaction

2) Awareness of the “self” as being
seen by others – it is considered a deeper
level of “self-other” interaction. Imagine, for
instance, that one of the people you are
watching suddenly stops and looks straight at
you. You are immediately aware of this
person’s action as an “other” and you know
that the stranger staring at you is aware of
“you” as a person. This self-consciousness is
considered a defining characteristic of the
self-other relationship.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
 Theunique phenomenon of the HUMAN
GAZE is considered a defining characteristic
which sets apart human interaction of other
species.
 Also,the awareness of the “self in the
other” is an important element in all other
aspects of interpersonal interactions. The
way we act with other people is often
influenced by our ideas of how these people
see us.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
“SEEMING” ACTIONS – refer to the
ways a person presents himself or
herself when dealing with others.
This is considered a natural and
often unconscious act. Some
people, however, engage in
seeming actions to deceive and
manipulate others.
What characterizes
a genuine human
interaction?
Most of the human
interactions are not based
on deception because our
human nature drives us to
uphold dignity and goodness,
our interactions with others
are also geared toward what
is good and beneficial.
DIALOGUE
It is a DEEP and GENUINE
relationship between persons.
Dialogue happens when two
persons truly acknowledge
each other's presence and
treat each other as equals.
DIALOGUE
It is an interaction between persons
that happens through speech or the
use of words, expressions, and body
language.
It must be noted that a dialogue is NOT
CONFINED TO WORDS. Actions,
gestures, and other expressions may
be used to convey a person's inner
life.
DIALOGUE
Whenever a person speaks, he or
she expresses a personal
interiority and communicates this
part of himself or herself to
another person. This is the
reason why it is not possible to
have a dialogue with material
objects.
DIALOGUE
Apart from expressing and
conveying oneself, the person is
also capable of receiving the words,
thoughts, emotions, and ideas of
another person.
The DIALOGUE, therefore, becomes
a means by which persons are able
to share in each other's lives.
DIALOGUE
The notion of a dialogue becomes
clearer when we reflect on the nature of
our conversation with other people.
Casual conversations with other people
often consist of discussing news or
occurrences.
But when we are with friends and family,
we are comfortable discussing more
personal issues like life goals, emotional
problems, or moral dilemmas.
DIALOGUE
A dialogue occurs when two
persons "open up" to each
other and give and receive one
another in their encounter.
Genuine dialogue occurs when
persons are willing to share
themselves with one another.
How does
intersubjectivity
define our
interactions with
other persons?
Philosophers agree that it is
important for humans to pursue
and achieve genuine relationships
to attain development.
The human person is considered
as a “being with others”, which
means that his or her identity and
destiny are shaped by relating
with others.
Human existence is a
continual dialogue with
the “other”, and that the
“self” becomes whole
through interaction with
other people and his or
her surroundings.
It
EMPATHY
is the ability to share emotions.
It is an important aspect of
intersubjectivity and is driven by a
person’s awareness of the emotions and
thoughts of other people.
It enables a person to place himself or
herself in the shoes of others and leads
to a greater understanding and
appreciation of others.
AVAILABILITY
It is the willingness of a
person to be present and be at
the disposal of another.
It also refers to the
willingness of a person to
render assistance to other
persons.
ETHICS OF CARE
It is an ethical theory that
emphasizes the moral dimension
of relationships and interactions.
It believes that people have a
moral obligation to respond to
the needs of others, and
encourages individuals to extend
help to people in need.
ALIENATION
Itrefers to a state when a
person ceases to view the
“other” as a distinct and
authentic person and merely
considers the other person as
a mere object or a means to
satisfy personal interests.
 You
ALIENATION
might have encountered people who
behave in a rude and offensive manner
against others whom they consider
“different” from them.
 We often hear the term “matapobre” used to
describe well-off people who look down on
other people that they consider “poor”. In
restaurants, you might have heard a customer
berating the serving staff and even insulting
them for committing a mistake.
 Our
ALIENATION
human nature drives us to feel indignation
against these kinds of behavior because we know
that these actions are an insult to human dignity.
 Feelingsor views of alienation, if left
unaddressed, give rise to negative views and
actions directed against a person or group of
persons.
 Alienation
goes against the concept of
personhood because this view discounts the
humanity and dignity of a person and leads to
dehumanization.
Society must be founded on
relationships and bonds established
through mutual respect and
recognition of human dignity.
If we recognize that the other person
is the same as ourselves, if we
consider him or her as an individual
with dignity, as a person no different
from us, then we will be able to forge
ties and build a community of
harmony.
How can philosophy
help you evaluate
your relationships
with others?
Important values related to
intersubjectivity include acceptance
of differences and embracing
diversity.
We must understand that each person
is unique, therefore, differences will
exist among groups of people.
We have to accept that people will
have different views and beliefs and
what unites us all is our shared
humanity and dignity.
The recognition of our shared
humanity and dignity is what
drives us to extend assistance
and act with concern towards
others, especially toward
individuals or groups that
experience hardships and
discrimination.
For instance, those who are
physically and mentally
challenged despite of their
limitations, they can have
the same skills as those who
are fully able in mind and
body. They also have hopes
and aspirations like us.
HELEN KELLER
She was an American
author, political activist,
and the first deaf-blind
person to earn a
bachelor's degree.
HELEN KELLER
She lost her hearing and sight
when she was an infant due to an
illness. Growing up, she developed
a system of signs to communicate
with her family. When Helen was
seven years old, she met Anne
Sullivan, a teacher who was herself
visually-impaired.
HELEN KELLER
Anne Sullivan taught Helen to recognize
objects and learn their names, and Helen
quickly learned. Helen went on to attend
an institute for the blind and deaf, and
at the age of 16 entered the Cambridge
School for Young Ladies. Four years
later, she was admitted to Radcliffe
College. Helen was accompanied and
guided by Anne Sullivan throughout her
studies.
HELEN KELLER
Despite being blind and deaf,
Helen learned to “hear” people’s
speech by feeling their lips with
her hands. She became proficient
at using braille and reading sign
language. She eventually learned
how to speak, and became a
well-known public speaker.
HELEN KELLER
Soon after graduating from college,
Helen spent her time giving speeches
and writing books. At age 22, she
published an autobiography, “The
Story of My Life”, which described
her life and struggles growing up.
The book became the basis of a
popular play titled “The Miracle
Worker”.
NICHOLAS JAMES VUJICIC
He is an Australian
evangelist and motivational
speaker who was born with
“phocomelia”, a condition
in which a person is born
with no arms or legs.
NICHOLAS JAMES VUJICIC
Nick was born with two small and
deformed feet, and an operation
enabled him to use his toes to
grab and manipulate objects.
Because of his condition he was
bullied as he grew up, but it did
not stop him from pursuing his
dreams.
NICHOLAS JAMES VUJICIC
At 21, he graduated with a degree in
Commerce and went on to pursue a
career as a motivational speaker and
evangelist. In 2005, he founded
“Life Without Limbs”, a non-profit
organization and ministry. He
currently lives in California with his
wife and two sons.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
Sheis the first visually-
impaired Filipino to
graduate summa cum
laude from Ateneo de
Manila University in
2001.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
Roselle lost her eyesight at the age
of six due to an illness. Despite her
handicap, she was a consistent
academic honoree in her school,
graduating valedictorian in both
elementary and high school. Her
excellent performance in school
enabled her to participate in regular
classes with sighted students.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
In Ateneo, she studied
Mathematics and the university
supported Roselle by purchasing
software and equipment that
made braille copies of exams,
lecture notes, and other
classroom materials.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
Due to her outstanding academic
performance, she gained many
awards and recognitions. Among
them were “Ten Outstanding
Students of the Philippines”, the
“BPI Science Award” from the BPI
Foundation, and the “Gawad
Sentenaryo Award” from the
National Centennial Commision.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
Upon her graduation, Roselle
continued to study for a master’s
degree and also devoted her efforts
helping visually-impaired students.
She initiated “Project Roselle”
together with the Rotary Club of
Makati-Ayala, and provided schools
with equipments that will aid blind
students in their studies.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
 She worked at Freedom Scientific, Inc. as a
consultant in developing software for people
who are visually-impaired and those with
learning disabilities. She also worked as a
product and support manager at Code
Factory, which is the world’s leading provider
of software that allow the visually-impaired to
access mobile devices such as cellphones.
 Roselleis also a motivational speaker and has
given several talks and seminars to students,
teachers, and professionals.
Advocacies Supporting PWDs
Paralympics – an
international sports
competition modeled
after the Olympics that
features athletes with
disabilities.
Advocacies Supporting PWDs
The United Nations has also instituted
days of awareness, such as:
1) World Down Syndrome Day (March
21)
2) World Autism Awareness Day (April 2)
3) International Day of Persons with
Disabilities (December 3)
Countries around the world are
encouraged to celebrate these days
with activities that highlight
individuals with disabilities. In many of
these events, PWDs come together to
showcase their abilities and talents in
talents shows, symposiums, and
conventions.
These events bring together “able”
and “disabled” people in the spirit of
friendship and cooperation.
“UNDERPRIVILEGED”
They are another group of
people who experience
hardship and
discrimination.
They have less in terms of
material possessions.
Despite the differences in lifestyle,
social class, and experience, our
shared humanity allows us to engage
with each other respectfully and
render assistance to each other.
The act of assistance or giving must be
done in the spirit of mutual respect.
One must extend help wholeheartedly,
without reservation or a patronizing
attitude.
We help those in need
not because we need to
feel better about
ourselves, but because we
do it out of an obligation
to uphold the dignity of
our fellow persons.
Meaningful and beneficial
human relationships are
founded on the values of
acceptance, openness, and
respect. As humans, we are
driven by our shared dignity to
treat each other with respect
and acceptance.

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