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    Humanistic Psychoanalysis: Erich Fromm

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    Charise Mae Galve
    Erich Fromm was a German social psychologist and psychoanalyst who developed a humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. He believed that modern society had separated people from nature and each other, creating feelings of isolation. Fromm identified five basic human needs - relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation - and argued people develop escape mechanisms like authoritarianism or destructiveness when these needs are not met. He also described five character orientations - receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive - and different personality disorders.

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    Humanistic Psychoanalysis: Erich Fromm

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    Charise Mae Galve
    215 views37 pages
    Erich Fromm was a German social psychologist and psychoanalyst who developed a humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. He believed that modern society had separated people from nature and each other, creating feelings of isolation. Fromm identified five basic human needs - relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation - and argued people develop escape mechanisms like authoritarianism or destructiveness when these needs are not met. He also described five character orientations - receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive - and different personality disorders.

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    Erich Fromm was a German social psychologist and psychoanalyst who developed a humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. He believed that modern society had separated people from nature and each other, creating feelings of isolation. Fromm identified five basic human needs - relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation - and argued people develop escape mechanisms like authoritarianism or destructiveness when these needs are not met. He also described five character orientations - receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive - and different personality disorders.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    215 views37 pages

    Humanistic Psychoanalysis: Erich Fromm

    Uploaded by

    Charise Mae Galve
    Erich Fromm was a German social psychologist and psychoanalyst who developed a humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. He believed that modern society had separated people from nature and each other, creating feelings of isolation. Fromm identified five basic human needs - relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation - and argued people develop escape mechanisms like authoritarianism or destructiveness when these needs are not met. He also described five character orientations - receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive - and different personality disorders.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 37

    HUMANISTIC

    PSYCHOANALYSIS
    ERICH FROMM
    ERICH SELIGMANN FROMM
    MARCH 23, 1900 – MARCH 18, 1980
    ERICH FROMM
    • He did not have a very ideal
    childhood
    • As he stated himself his father was
    not someone to be around
    • He had a high temperament and his
    mother was depressed
    • He also was an adolescent during
    WWI and also had a close family
    friend commit suicide while growing
    up
    • He always questioned “why” things
    happened
    • He questioned why there was a war,
    He questioned why his family friend
    committed suicide.
    • Based on this I can speculate that his
    nature of questioning things
    surrounding since a young age is
    what led him to studying social
    psychology
    ERICH FROMM’S
    OVERVIEW OF
    HUMANISTIC
    PSYCHOANALYIS
    THEORY
    •  Erich Fromm’s basic thesis
    is that modern-day people
    have been torn away from
    their prehistoric union with
    nature and also with one
    another, yet they have the
    power of reasoning,
    foresight, and imagination
    • Trained in Freudian psychoanalysis
    and influenced by Karl Marx, Karen
    Horney, and other socially oriented
    theorists, Fromm developed a theory
    of personality that emphasizes the
    influence of socio- biological factors,
    history, economics, and class
    structure. His humanistic
    psychoanalysis assumes that
    humanity’s separation from the
    natural world has produced feelings
    • His humanistic psychoanalysis looks at people
    from a historical and cultural perspective rather
    than a strictly psychological one. It is more
    concerned with those characteristics common to a
    culture.
    •  Fromm’s theory is a rather unique blend of Freud
    and Marx. Freud emphasized the unconscious,
    biological drives, repression, and so on. Marx, on
    the other hand, saw people as determined by
    their society, and most especially by their
    economic systems.
    Fromm’s definition of
    personality

    • “the totality of inherited and


    acquired psychic qualities
    which are characteristic of
    one individual and which
    make the individual unique.”
    • Must understand individual
    personality in terms of
    human history
    • We have no powerful
    instinct to adapt to the
    changing world instead, we
    have acquired the facility
    to reason, called the
    human dilemma.
    WHAT MAKES
    ERICH
    FROMM
    INTERESTING
    ?
    His ideologies are very
    humanistic

    His humanistic psychoanalysis


    looks at people from the
    perspective of psychology,
    history and anthropology.
    He said that Human face
    fundamental dichotomies

    The first, is life and death


    The second, is
    that humans are
    capable of
    conceptualizing
    the goal of
    complete self-
    realization but
    are also aware
    that life is too
    short to reach
    that goal
    The third, is
    that people are
    ultimately
    alone yet we
    cannot tolerate
    isolation
    HUMAN NEEDS
    • These existential needs have emerged during the
    evolution of human culture, growing out of their
    attempts to find answer to their existence.
    • It can only be addressed by fulfilling our uniquely
    human needs. Fromm identified five of these
    distinctively human or existential needs.
    I.RELATEDNESS
    oThree basic ways
     Submission (search for a
    domineering partner)
     Power (search for a submissive
    partner)
    Love (the only route to become
    united with the world and help the
    person achieve individually and
    integrity)
    • II. TRANSCENDENCE Is the need for people to
    rise above their passive existence and create or
    destroy life. Humans can be creative in other
    ways. They can create art, religion, ideas, laws,
    material production and love. But we can also
    transcend life by destroying it and thus rising
    above our slain victims.  Malignant Aggression
    (to kill for reasons)
    ROOTEDNESS
    (the need to establish roots or to feel
    at home in the world again)
    • Without Rootedness, the feelings of
    isolation and helplessness can
    become unbearable
    • Can be productive or unproductive
    as in separation from the mother or
    not (fixation)
    A SENSE OF IDENTITY
    (the capacity to be aware of
    ourselves as a separate entity)
    • Historically humans identified
    more closely with their clan and
    did not see themselves as
    existing apart from the group
    • Now a days, people identify
    attachments with institutions
    A FRAME OF ORIENTATION
    (being split off from nature,
    humans need a road map to make
    their way through the world)
    • We need to put things into a
    framework
    • A road map without a goal or
    destination is worthless
    OVERVIEW OF FROMM’S
    NEEDS
    Negative Positive
    Components Components
    Relatedness Submission or Love
    Domination
    Transcendence Destructiveness Creativeness
    Rootedness Fixation Wholeness
    Sense of identity Adjustment to a Individuality
    group
    Frame of orientation Irrational goals Rational goals
    FREUD VS. FROMM
    FREUD FROMM
    Based on pleasure principle Based on inevitability of
    separatedness
    Determinants of personality id, Determinants- Freedom, type of
    fixation, unconciousness family, society

    Never typified personality Described 5 types of personality


    ESCAPE MECHANISMS

    BASIC ANXIETY produces a


    frightening sense of isolation
    and aloneness, people attempt
    to flee from freedom through a
    variety of escape mechanism
    authoritarianism,
    destructiveness and conformity
     AUTHORITARIANISM
    • Tendency to give up the
    independence of one’s own
    individual self and to fuse one’s
    self with somebody or
    something outside oneself, in
    order to acquire the strength
    which the individual is lacking .
    Masochism Sadism

    • Results from more


    •  
    basic feelings of neurotic and
    powerlessness,
    weakness, and
    more socially
    inferiority, and harmful.
    is aimed at
    joining the self
    II. DESTRUCTIVENESS
    • is rooted in the feelings of
    aloneness, isolation and
    powerlessness.

    III. CONFORMITY
    • people who conform try to escape
    from a sense of aloneness and
    isolation by giving up their
    individuality and becoming
    CHARACTER
    ORIENTATION
    • Fromm believed that character is
    something that stems both from our
    genetic inheritance and from our
    learning experiences. Some aspects
    of our character are hereditary. Other
    aspects stem from what we learn at
    home, from school, and from society.
    And of course, there is the interplay
    between the two influences.
    1. RECEPTIVE ORIENTATIONS
    feel that the source of all good lies outside
    themselves and that the only way they can relate
    to the world is to receive things.

    Negative qualities:
    •  Passitivity
    •  Submissiveness
    •  lack of self-confidence
    • Positive traits:
    •  Loyalty
    •  Acceptance
    •  trust
    2. EXPLOITATIVE ORIENTATIONS

    They aggressively take what they desire


    rather than passively receive it.
    Negative side:
    Egocentric
     Conceited
    Arrogant
     Seducing
    Positive side
     Impulsive
     Proud
     Charming
     Self-confident
    • 3. HOARDING ORIENTATIONS
    • Seek to save that which they have already
    obtained.
    • Negative traits:
    •  Rigidity
    •  Obstinacy
    •  Lack of creativity
    • Positive characteristics:
    •  Orderliness Cleanliness Punctuality
    • 4. MARKETING ORIENTATIONS Marketing
    characters see themselves as commodities, with
    their personal value dependent on their exchange
    value, that is, their ability to sell themselves.
    Negative traits: Aimless Opportunistic
    Inconsistent Wasteful Positive Qualities: Open-
    mindedness generosity
    • 5. PRODUCTIVE ORIENTATIONS Three
    Dimensions:a. Working -as a means of creative
    self-expressionb. Loving -concerned with the
    growth and development of themselves as well as
    others.c. Reasoning / thinking -which cannot be
    separated from productive work and love.
    • PERSONALITY DISORDERS NECROPHILIA ◦ Means
    love of death and usually refers to a sexual
    perversion in which a person desire sexual contact
    with a corpse. MALIGNANT NARCISSISM ◦
    Infatuation with self INCESTUOUS SYMBIOSIS ◦
    Extreme dependence on the mother or mother
    surrogate.

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