Types of Machining Coolants: RUBAN (17R2) Ramachandran (17R2) MOHETH.S (18R437) SHARATH KUMAR (18R441)

TYPES OF
MACHINING
COOLANTS
RUBAN (17R2)
RAMACHANDRAN (17R2)
MOHETH.S(18R437)
SHARATH KUMAR(18R441)
MACHINE COOLANTS
• Machine coolants have been used extensively in metal cutting operations for the last
200 years.
• Today's machine coolants are special blends of chemical additives, lubricants and
water formulated to meet the performance demands of the metalworking industry.
TYPES OF MACHINE COOLANTS
• Oil‑Based Machine Coolants ‑ including straight oils and soluble oils
• Chemical Machine Coolants ‑ including synthetics and semi synthetics
Oil Based Machine Coolants
Straight Oils - 100% Petroleum Oil
They do not contain water
are basically petroleum or mineral oils
Generally additives are not required for the easiest tasks such as light‑duty
machining of ferrous and nonferrous metals.
 For more severe applications, straight oils may contain wetting agents (typically
up to 20% fatty oils) and extreme pressure (EP) additives such as sulfur, chlorine,
or phosphorous compounds.
also enhance lubrication, improve the oil's ability to handle large amounts of metal
fines, and help guard against microscopic welding in heavy duty machining.
Soluble Oils – 60% to 90% Petroleum Oil
• Soluble oils (also referred to as emulsions, emulsifiable oils or water‑soluble oils)
are generally comprised of 60‑90 percent petroleum or mineral oil, emulsifiers and
other additives.
• A concentrate is mixed with water to form the metalworking fluid..
• Emulsifier particles refract light, giving the fluid a milky, opaque appearance.
Straight Oils
Advantages Disadvantages
Excellent lubricity Poor heat dissipation
Good rust protection Increased risk of fire
Good sump life Increased risk of smoking
Easy maintenance Increased risk of misting
Rancid resistant Oil film on work piece
Limited to low-speed, severe

cutting operations
Soluble Oils
Good lubrication More susceptible to rust problems
Improved cooling capabilities Susceptible to bacterial growth
Susceptible to tramp oil
Good rust protection
contamination
General-purpose product for light Susceptible to evaporation losses
to heavy-duty operations Increased maintenance costs
Chemical Machine Coolants
• Chemical machine coolants, called synthetic or semi synthetic fluids, have been
widely accepted since they were first introduced in about 1945.
• They are stable, preformed emulsions, which contain very little oil and mix easily
with water.
• Chemical machine coolants rely on chemical agents for lubrication and friction
reduction.
• These additives also improve wettability. At temperatures above approximately
390OF (2000C), these additives become ineffective and EP lubricant additives
(chlorine, phosphorus and sulfur compounds) are utilized.
Synthetics - No Petroleum Oils
• Synthetic fluids contain no petroleum or mineral oil.
• These fluids are designed for high cooling capacity, lubricity, corrosion prevention,
and easy maintenance.
• Due to their higher cooling capacity, synthetics tend to be preferred for high‑heat,
high‑velocity turning operations such as surface grinding.
Chemical agents found in most synthetic
fluids include:
• Amines and nitrites for rust prevention
• Nitrates for nitrite stabilization
• Phosphates and borates for water softening
• Soaps and wetting agents for lubrication
• Phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur compounds for chemical lubrication
• Glycols to act as blending agents
• Biocides to control bacterial growth.
Excellent microbial control Reduced lubrication
Resistance to rancidity May cause misting
Relatively nontoxic May cause foaming
Transparent May cause dermatitis
Nonflammable /
May emulsify tramp oil
nonsmoking
Good corrosion control May form residues
Easily contaminated by
Superior cooling qualities
other fluids
Thank you
Done by:
RUBAN (17R2)
RAMACHANDRAN (17R2)
MOHETH.S(18R437)
SHARATH KUMAR(18R441)

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TYPES OF

are basically petroleum or mineral oils

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