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Working Mechanism of Leds: Dr. Kirandeep Kaur

This document discusses the working mechanism of LEDs. It begins by introducing LEDs as semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through. It then explains that LEDs work similarly to PN junction diodes and emit light when forward biased. The document further describes the working principle of LEDs, noting that when forward biased the potential barrier is reduced and electrons and holes combine at the active layer emitting photons. It also discusses the band gap and materials used in LEDs like Gallium Arsenide that emit different colors. Finally, it provides examples of LED applications and statistics on India's distribution of over 30 crore LED bulbs leading to large energy savings.

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64 views

Working Mechanism of Leds: Dr. Kirandeep Kaur

This document discusses the working mechanism of LEDs. It begins by introducing LEDs as semiconductor devices that emit light when electric current passes through. It then explains that LEDs work similarly to PN junction diodes and emit light when forward biased. The document further describes the working principle of LEDs, noting that when forward biased the potential barrier is reduced and electrons and holes combine at the active layer emitting photons. It also discusses the band gap and materials used in LEDs like Gallium Arsenide that emit different colors. Finally, it provides examples of LED applications and statistics on India's distribution of over 30 crore LED bulbs leading to large energy savings.

Uploaded by

experiment z24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Working Mechanism of

LEDs
Submitted to- Submitted by-
Dr. Kirandeep Kaur Aman Sharma

Reg. No- 11801438


Section- E1810
Roll No- 6
I NTRODUCTION
A light emitting diode also known as LED is a
semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current passes through it.

It is nothing but like P-N junction diode


which emit light when it is in forward bias.

Electroluminescence, the phenomena upon


which LED technology is built was
discovered in 1907 by Guglielmo Marconi
and first visible spectrum (red) LED was
developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr.
Working Principle
Like an ordinary diode, the LED diode
works when it is forward biased. In this
case, the n-type semiconductor is
heavily doped than the p-type forming
the p-n junction.
Here on Bottom Right we can see the
basic LED circuit connected. The ballast
resistor is used to limit the current
through the LED and to prevent that it
burns. If the voltage source is equal to
the voltage drop of the LED,
no resistor is required.
Working Principle

When it is forward biased, the


potential barrier gets reduced
and the electrons and holes
combine at the depletion layer
(or active layer), light or
photons are emitted or
radiated in all directions.
Band Gap
Whether the electron-hole combining will give out photons or not
depends on whether the material has a direct band gap or indirect
band gap. Those semiconductor materials which have a direct band
gap are the ones that emit photons.
Materials Used
Example of material which has direct band gap is Gallium
Arsenide(GaAs), a compound semiconductor which is the material
used in LEDs. Dopant atoms are added to GaAs to give out a wide
range of colours. Some of the materials used in LEDs are:
Aluminium Gallium Arsenide(AlGaAs) – infrared
Gallium Arsenic Phosphide(GaAsP) – red, orange, yellow
Aluminium Gallium Phosphide(AlGaP) – green
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) – blue, blue-green, near UV
Zinc Selenide(ZnSe) – blue
Applications of LEDs
LEDs are widely used for various purposes individually or as a part of
another electronic circuit. Some of its applications are given as
follows:
 Electronic displays such as OLEDs, micro-LEDs, quantum dots etc
 As an LED indicator
 In remote controls
 Lightings
Distribution of LEDs in INDIA
According to state run EESL (Energy Efficiency Services Ltd) it has distributed
over 30 crore light emitting diode (LED) bulbs across the country under the
Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme. 
The distribution of 30 crore LED bulbs in India has led to energy savings of over
38,952 million kWh, annually, amounting to Rs 15,581 crore in energy savings,
an EESL statement said. 
distribution of LEDs, India's share in the global LED market has increased to 12
per cent from a mere 0.1 percent, with the penetration of LED in the domestic
market rising to 10 percent from 0.4 percent. 
References
• https://economictimes.indiatimes.com › Industry › Energy › Power
• https://
data.gov.in/resources/state-wise-distribution-led-bulbs-under-ujala-program
me-date
• https://www.electrical4u.com/working-principle-of-light-emitting-diode/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode
Thank You

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