THE NOTABLE

WORKS OF OUR
NATIONAL HERO
By:
Mark Angelo Ambay Luigi Maniebo
Vhen Gerson Balandra Mar Paul Christian Mariano
Faye Angelika Cabalang Brian Angelo Trinidad
Jinson Hong
RIZAL IN THE ART
OF
WRITING
 Rizal in the art of Writing
Rizal exposed his heart in his poetry more than he did in his other writings.
In several of them, he rose to great heights in patriotic ecstasy. Each was
focused at vindicating his people by showing, through his own capabilities,
that the indios had the same intellectual and artistic capacities as the
Spaniards.

As young as an eight year old, Rizal already showed precocity in writing his
poems. He became known for his serious outlook in life that was rather
uncommon for boys of his age. His mother served as his teacher when he
was writing his poems. She would read poetry to him, urged him to write,
corrected his verses, and made worthwhile suggestions.

Rizal's poetic maturity emerged as he expounded on nationalism not only as

a sentiment, but as passion, a virtue that could be acquired and developed
into an ideology that rationalized and synthesized his personal ideas and
dreams. He also wrote poems with different themes, such historical and
religious topics.

Rizal was less grim in his poetic description of the actual plight of the
Filipinos than he was in his essays and novels. Sometimes, though, he got
carried away by his ardor and came out with direct indictments.
 Writings of Rizal
• Noli Me Tangere • Manifesto to Certain Filipinos • Hymn to labor
• El Filibusterismo • Additions to my Defense • Dalit sa paggawa
• Rizal’s Annotations to Morga’s • To Barrantes on the Noli • Hymn to talisay
1609 Philippine History
• To Barrantes on the Tagalog • Kundiman
• Letter to the Women of Malolos Theater
• My first Inspiration
• The Indolence of the Filipino • The Religiosity of the Filipino
People • My Retreat
• The Philippines a Century
Hence • Mi Ultimo Adios • Canto del Viajero

• Come se gobiernan las • To my Fellow Children

• Song of the Wanderer
Filipinas • La Juventud Filipina (to the
• A tribute to my Town
Filipino youth)
• Constitution of the Liga Filipina
• Felicitation
• The Friars and the Filipinos • Our Mother-Tongue
( Unfinished Novel)
• Flower among Flowers

• The Vision of Fr. Rodriguez • Goodbye to Leonor

• By telephone by Dimas Alang

 POEMS THAT DESCRIBES
THE ACTUAL PLIGHT OF THE
FILIPINOS, EXPRESSIONS
AND APPEALS ON LOVE OF
COUNTRY
 My Last Farewell
(A Translation of Mi Ultimo Adios by Charles
Derbyshire)
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime It is ever the same, to serve our Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem
of the sun caress'd home and country's need. of the Orient sea
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden   From gloom and grief, from care
lost!, and sorrow free;
I die just when I see the dawn
Gladly now I go to give thee this break, No blush on thy brow, no tear in
faded life's best, thine eye.
Through the gloom of night, to
And were it brighter, fresher, or herald the day;  
more blest
And if color is lacking my blood Dream of my life, my living and
Still would I give it thee, nor count thou shalt take, burning desire,
the cost .
Pour'd out at need for thy dear All hail ! cries the soul that is now
  sake to take flight;
On the field of battle, 'mid the To dye with its crimson the waking All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to
frenzy of fight, ray. expire ;
Others have given their lives,   To die for thy sake, that thou
without doubt or heed; mayst aspire;
My dreams, when life first opened
The place matters not-cypress or to me, And sleep in thy bosom eternity's
laurel or lily white, long night.
My dreams, when the hopes of
Scaffold or open plain, combat or youth beat high,
martyrdom's plight,
 My Last Farewell
(A Translation of Mi Ultimo Adios by Charles
Derbyshire)
If over my grave some day thou Let the sun draw the vapors up to And then for thyself that
seest grow, the sky, redemption thou mayst gain.
In the grassy sod, a humble flower, And heavenward in purity bear my  
tardy protest
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my And when the dark night wraps
soul so, Let some kind soul o 'er my the graveyard around
untimely fate sigh,
While I may feel on my brow in the With only the dead in their vigil to
cold tomb below And in the still evening a prayer see
be lifted on high
The touch of thy tenderness, thy Break not my repose or the
breath's warm power. From thee, 0 my country, that in mystery profound
God I may rest.
Let the moon beam over me soft And perchance thou mayst hear a
and serene,   sad hymn resound
Let the dawn shed over me its Pray for all those that hapless 'T is I, O my country, raising a
radiant flashes, have died, song unto thee.
Let the wind with sad lament over For all who have suffered the
me keen; unmeasur'd pain;
And if on my cross a bird should For our mothers that bitterly their
be seen, woes have cried,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace For widows and orphans, for
to my ashes. captives by torture tried
 My Last Farewell
(A Translation of Mi Ultimo Adios by Charles
Derbyshire)
And even my grave is remembered Throbbing and cleansed in thy Where faith can never kill, and
no more space and air God reigns e'er on high!
Unmark'd by never a cross nor a With color and light, with song  
stone and lament I fare,
Farewell to you all, from my soul
Let the plow sweep through it, the Ever repeating the faith that I torn away,
spade turn it o'er keep.
Friends of my childhood in the
That my ashes may carpet earthly   home dispossessed!
floor,
My Fatherland ador'd, that Give thanks that I rest from the
Before into nothingness at last sadness to my sorrow lends wearisome day!
they are blown.
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend
  last good-by! that lightened my way;
Then will oblivion bring to me no I give thee all: parents and Beloved creatures all, farewell! In
care kindred and friends death there is rest!
As over thy vales and plains I For I go where no slave before the
sweep; oppressor bends,
 MEANING:

• He adores the beautiful country that he and

others are fighting for. He wants his
fellowmen to pray for others who also have
died and suffered for the country. In the
last part of Mi Ultimo Adios, he said “In
Death there is rest!” which means that he,
being ready to be executed, is happy to die
in peace.
 To the Filipino Youth
Unfold, oh timid flower!  Descend with the You, who heavenward
pleasing light rise
Lift up your radiant Of the arts and sciences On wings of your rich
brow, to the plain, fantasy,
This day, Youth of my Oh Youth, and break Seek in the Olympian
native strand!  forthright skies
Your abounding talents The links of the heavy The tenderest poesy,
show chain More sweet than divine
Resplendently and That your poetic genius honey;
grand, enchain.
Fair hope of my See that in the ardent You of heavenly
Motherland!  zone, harmony,
On a calm unperturbed
The Spaniard, where
Soar high, oh genius shadows stand, night,
great, Doth offer a shining Philomel's match in
And with noble thoughts crown, melody,
fill their mind; That in varied symphony
With wise and merciful
The honor's glorious hand Dissipate man's sorrow's
seat, blight;
 To the Filipino Youth
Transformed into Run ! For genius' And you, who with
immortal state sacred flame magic brush
The pure mem'ry of Awaits the artist's On canvas plain
genius great; crowning capture
Spreading far and wide The varied charm of
And you, who with the fame Phoebus,
magic brush Throughout the sphere Loved by the divine
On canvas plain proclaiming Apelles,
capture With trumpet the And the mantle of
The varied charm of mortal's name Nature;
Phoebus, Oh, joyful, joyful day, Run ! For genius'
Loved by the divine The Almighty blessed sacred flame
be Awaits the artist's
Apelles,
And the mantle of Who, with loving crowning
Nature; eagerness Spreading far and wide
Sends you luck and the fame
happiness. Throughout the sphere
You at th' impulse of proclaiming
 MEANING:

It came from the saying

“ANG KABATAAN ANG PAG
ASA NG BAYAN.”
 To the Philippines
Warm and beautiful like a houri of yore, 
as gracious and as pure as the break of dawn 
when darling clouds take on a sapphire tone, 
sleeps a goddess on the Indian shore. 

The small waves of the sonorous sea assail 

her feet with ardent, amorous kisses, while 
the intellectual West adores her smile; 
and the old hoary Pole, her flower veil. 

My Muse, most enthusiastic and elate, 

sings to her among naiads and undines; 
I offer her my fortune and my fate. 

With myrtle, purple roses, and flowering greens 

and lilies, crown her brow immaculate, 
O artists, and exalt the Philippines! 
 MEANING:
The poem To the Philippines was filled
with patriotic meaning. The poet shared
unselfish love for his country in this
poem, which was meant to awaken
patriotism in his fellow countrymen for
the Philippines.
 Our Mother-Tongue
IF truly a people dearly love
The tongue to them by Heaven sent,
They'll surely yearn for liberty
Like a bird above in the firmament.

BECAUSE by its language one can

judge
A town, a barrio, and kingdom;
And like any other created thing
Every human being loves his
freedom.

ONE who doesn't love his native

tongue,
Is worse than putrid fish and beast;
AND like a truly precious thing
It therefore deserves to be
cherished.
 MEANING:
• This poem talks about love and taking pride of one’s own
language to acquire a sense of freedom and identity. is a
message primarily to tell the importance of one’s love
and appreciation to his dialect or language, for it is the
bridge and intermediary connecting people’s country to
each other.
• ANG HINDI MAGMAHAL SA SARILING WIKA, AY
HIGIT PA SA HAYOP AT MALANSANG ISDA.
 A Tribute to my Town
When I remember the days 
that saw my early childhood 
spent on the green shores 
of a murmurous lagoon; 
when I remember the coolness, 
delicious and refreshing, 
that on my face I felt 
as I heard Favonius croon; 

when I behold the white lily 

swell to the wind’s impulsion, 
and that tempestuous element 
meekly asleep on the sand; 
when I inhale the dear 
intoxicating essence 
the flowers exude when dawn 
is smiling on the land; 

sadly, sadly I recall 

your visage, precious childhood, 
which an affectionate mother 
made beautiful and bright; 
I recall a simple town, 
my comfort, joy and cradle, 
beside a balmy lake, 
 MEANING:

• Rizal loved his hometown Calamba in Laguna.

He fondly remembered his memories of the
said town. In 1876, Rizal as a 15-year old
student in the Ateneo Municipal de Manila
wrote the poem “A Tribute to My Town”. It was
written to express his love and appreciation for
the place where he grew up.
 AWIT NI MARIA CLARA
• Walang kasintamis ang mga
sandali sa sariling bayan,
Doon sa ang lahat ay
pinagpapala ng halik ng araw,
May buhay na dulot ang
mahinhing simoy na galing sa
parang.
Pagsinta'y matimyas, at
napakatamis ng kamatayan man.

Maapoy na halik, ang idinarampi

ng labi ng ina
Paggising ng sanggol sa kanyang
kandungan na walang balisa,
Pagkawit sa leeg ng bisig na
sabik pa-uumaga na,
 MEANING:

• This is a Tagalog translation of Jose Rizal's

poem Canto de María Clara, which can be found
in his Spanish novel Noli Me Tangere. The main
character Maria Clara talks about how sweet it is
to be in one's own country. 
In this poem it expresses the love for the native
land. The experience of living in one's own
country to the comforts felt from a mother's
presence.
 KUNDIMAN
• Tunay ngayong umid
yaring dila’t puso
Sinta’y umiilag, tuwa’y
lumalayo,
Bayan palibhasa’y lupig
at sumuko
Sa kapabayaan ng
nagturong puno.
Datapuwa’t muling
sisikat ang araw,
Pilit maliligtas ang
 MEANING:
• Jose Rizal wrote “Kundiman” in Tagalog in September
12,1891. A kundiman is actually a traditional Filipino
love song used by a young man to serenade the
woman of his love. The theme of Rizal’s “Kundiman”
is his intense love for his Motherland. His words
reflected his optimism that Philippines would be
freed from injustice and bondage.
 POEMS ON
EDUCATION AND
LABOR
 EDUCATION GIVES LUSTER TO THE
MOTHERLAND
Wise education, vital breath
Inspires an enchanting virtue;
She puts the Country in the lofty seat
Of endless glory, of dazzling glow,
And just as the gentle aura's puff
Do brighten the perfumed flower's
hue:
So education with a wise, guiding
hand,
A benefactress, exalts the human
band.

Man's placid repose and earthly life

To education he dedicates
Because of her, art and science are
born
Man; and as from the high mount
above
The pure rivulet flows, undulates,
So education beyond measure
Gives the Country tranquility secure.

Where wise education raises a throne

Sprightly youth are invigorated,
Who with firm stand error they
subdue
And with noble ideas are exalted;
It breaks immortality's neck,
 From her lips the waters crystalline
Gush forth without end, of divine virtue,
And prudent doctrines of her faith
The forces weak of evil subdue,
That break apart like the whitish waves
That lash upon the motionless shoreline:
And to climb the heavenly ways the people
Do learn with her noble example.

In the wretched human beings' breast

The living flame of good she lights
The hands of criminal fierce she ties,
And fill the faithful hearts with delights,
Which seeks her secrets beneficent
And in the love for the good her breast she
incites,
And it's th' education noble and pure
Of human life the balsam sure.

And like a rock that rises with pride

In the middle of the turbulent waves
When hurricane and fierce Notus roar
She disregards their fury and raves,
That weary of the horror great
So frightened calmly off they stave;
 MEANING:
• Rizal expresses that education is what builds up a country
and allows her to rise above the rest in matters of honor
and a good name. From the time of a man's birth to the
moment of his death, he is constantly engaged in the
journey of learning. Knowledge and wisdom enliven and
embolden the young. With the sword of education they are
able to identify errors and correct them. A good education
is an effective remedy to the problem of criminal acts and
unlawful pursuits. Even nations who wish nothing more
than to divide, conquer, and control are silenced when
they open their ears to the voice of wisdom, which stops
hatred in its tracks and promotes the welfare of the
people. Even savages, turn into champions when they are
afforded a good education.
 Hymn to Labor
for the motherland in war, Go to work with spirits high, Labor his faith will sustain:
For the motherland in peace, For the wife keeps home faithfully, Only a man who struggles and works
Will the Filipino keep watch, Inculcates love in her children Will his offspring know to maintain
He will live until life will cease! For virtue, knowledge and country. (Chorus)
Men: When the evening brings repose, Children:
Now the East is glowing with light, On returning joy awaits you,, Teach, us ye the laborious work
Go! To the field to till the land, And if fate is adverse, the wife, To pursue your footsteps we wish,
For the labour of man sustains Shall know the task to continue. For tomorrow when country calls us
Family, home and motherland. (Chorus) We may be able your task to finish.
Hard the land may turn to be, Maidens: And on seeing us the elders will say:
Scorching the rays of the sun above… Hail! Hail! Praise to labour, “ Look, they’re worthy if their sires of
yore!”
For the country, wife and children Of the country wealth and vigor!
Incense does not honor the dead
All will be eased to our love. For it brow serene’s exalted,
As does a son with glory and valor.
(chorus) It’s her blood, life, and ardor.
Wives: If some youth would show his love
 MEANING:
• The hymn made by Rizal which contains the
concept of labor in the superficial level appears to
be a simple invitation to do works in the most
attractive way. To encourage people in engaging
in labor is one thing, but to use a hymn as a
means of invitation is another. Superficially, the
hymn made by Rizal is merely an encouragement
song for the mass— the men, the women, even the
children—to do work for the country and their
family from the moment the sun rise from the
east.
ESSAYS
 Annotations to Morga’s 1609 Philippine
history
“ In Noli Me Tangere ("The Social Cancer") I started to sketch the present state of our native
land. But the effect which my effort produced made me realize that, before attempting to
unroll before your eyes the other pictures which were to follow, it was necessary first to post
you on the past. So only can you fairly judge the present and estimate how much progress has
been made during the three centuries (of Spanish rule).
Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our country's past and so,
without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied, I deem it
necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who in the beginning of the new
era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient
nationality in its last days.
It is then the shade of our ancestor's civilization which the author will call before you. . . If the
work serves to awaken in you a consciousness of our past, and to blot from your memory or to
rectify what has been falsified or is calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. With this
preparation, slight though it may be, we can all pass to the study of the future.”
Jose Rizal
Annotations to Morga’s 1609 Philippine
history
 MEANING:
• Rizal had a burning desire to know exactly the
conditions of the Philippines when the Spaniards
came ashore to the islands. His theory was the
country was economically self-sufficient and
prosperous. Rizal entertained the idea that it had
a lively and vigorous community enriched with
the collective and sensitive art and culture of the
native population. He believed the conquest of the
Spaniards contributed in part to the decline of the
Philippine's rich tradition and culture.
 Indolence of the Filipino people

It was an article made by Rizal to defend the Filipinos accused to be

indolent by the Spanish Government.
The essay itself originally appeared in the Filipino forthrightly review, La
Solidaridad, of Madrid, in five installments, running from July 15 to
September 15, 1890. It was a continuation of Rizal's campaign of education
in which he sought by blunt truths to awaken his countrymen to their own
faults at the same time that he was arousing the Spaniards to the defects in
Spain's colonial system that caused and continued such shortcomings.
It depicted the Abuses and brutality received by the Filipinos which in turn
for them to be less productive.
 Indolence of the Filipino people

First installment
• Indolence – misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of energy.
• Indolence does exist among the Filipinos.
• Examine the causes based on facts before proposing a remedy.
• Climate – factor for being indolent
“A hot, climate requires of the individual quiet and rest, just as cold incites to labor and
action.”
“A man can live in any climate, if he will only adapt himself to its requirements and
conditions.”
• Working hours of Filipinos (tenants) vs. Spanish Official and Landlords
• Tendency to indolence is very natural
• Effect of misgovernment
 Indolence of the Filipino people

Second installment
• Analogy of physician (friars, Spanish government) , patient(Philippines),
illness(indolence)
• An illness will worsen if the wrong treatment is given
• Indolence as a chronic Illness
“Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one”
before the arrival of Spaniards, Malayan Filipinos raised on an active trade, not
only among themselves but also with other neighboring countries (evidence that
Filipinos were not indolent.
“How is it that the Filipino people, so fond of its customs as to border on routine, has
given up its ancient habits of work, of trade, of navigation, etc., even to the extent of
completely forgetting its past?”
 Indolence of the Filipino people

Third installment
• Enumerates several reasons that may have caused the Filipinos cultural and
economic corruption
• Wars: conflict among Spaniards, natives and moros
• Invasion of Pirates
results: diminished number of native Filipinos
• Forced labor: Filipinos were sent abroad to fight for Spain or Shipyards to construct
vessels
• Some Filipinos hide in the forest and mountains and abandoned their farm lands
because of fear
• “Still they struggled a long time against indolence, yes: but their enemies were so
numerous that at last they gave up!”
 MEANING:

• La Indolencia de los Filipinos, more popularly known in its

English version, "The Indolence of the Filipinos," is a
exploratory essay written by Philippine national hero Dr. Jose
Rizal, to explain the alleged idleness of his people during the
Spanish colonization. The Indolence of the Filipinos is a study
of the causes why the people did not, as was said, work hard
during the Spanish regime.  Rizal pointed out that long
before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were
industrious and hardworking. 
MESSAGES AND
LETTERS
 Letter to the young women of Malolos

• It was written on the 17th of February, 1889 when he was in Europe.

• It was address to the 20 courageous women of Malolos for their
perseverance to pursue the establishment of a night school where they
can study Spanish.
• The 20 women petition to governor-general Weyler for the establishment
of a “night school” however Fr. Felipe Garcia, a Spanish parish priest,
objected and the petition was dismissed. Still, the women of Malolos
insisted and received the permission but in certain conditions; first, the
women of Malolos will fund the school because the government refused
to ; Second, their teacher will be Guadalupe Reyes instead of Teodoro
Sandiko; and Third, the classes will be held at day instead of having it at
night.
 Letter to the young women of Malolos

“When I wrote Noli Me Tangere, I asked myself whether bravery was a

common thing in the young women of our people.  I brought back to my
recollection and reviewed those I had known since my infancy, but there
were only few who seem to come up to my ideal.  There was, it is true, an
abundance of girls with agreeable manners, beautiful ways, and modest
demeanor, but there was in all an admixture of servitude and deference to
the words or whims of their so-called "spiritual fathers" (as if the spirit or
soul had any father other than God), due to excessive kindness, modesty, or
perhaps ignorance.  They seemed faced plants sown and reared in
darkness, having flowers without perfume and fruits without sap.”
-DR. JOSE RIZAL
 MEANING:

• Jose Rizal’s legacy to Filipino women is

embodied in his famous essay entitled, “To the
Young Women of Malolos,” where he addresses
all kinds of women – mothers, wives, the
unmarried, etc. and expresses everything that
he wishes them to keep in mind. 
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