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    Learning Theories: #Behaviorist Perspective #Cognitive Perspective

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    Al Mira
    The document summarizes key perspectives in learning theories: 1. The behaviorist perspective explains learning through conditioning principles like classical and operant conditioning. It focuses on observable stimuli and responses without internal mental states. 2. The cognitive perspective views learning as involving mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. It considers how humans process and think about information. 3. Social learning theory incorporates aspects of behaviorism but also emphasizes cognition and social influences on learning through observational learning and modeling behaviors.

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    Learning Theories: #Behaviorist Perspective #Cognitive Perspective

    Uploaded by

    Al Mira
    71 views21 pages
    The document summarizes key perspectives in learning theories: 1. The behaviorist perspective explains learning through conditioning principles like classical and operant conditioning. It focuses on observable stimuli and responses without internal mental states. 2. The cognitive perspective views learning as involving mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. It considers how humans process and think about information. 3. Social learning theory incorporates aspects of behaviorism but also emphasizes cognition and social influences on learning through observational learning and modeling behaviors.

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    Secondary Education

    Original Title

    Classical Conditioning

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    The document summarizes key perspectives in learning theories: 1. The behaviorist perspective explains learning through conditioning principles like classical and operant conditioning. It focuses on observable stimuli and responses without internal mental states. 2. The cognitive perspective views learning as involving mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. It considers how humans process and think about information. 3. Social learning theory incorporates aspects of behaviorism but also emphasizes cognition and social influences on learning through observational learning and modeling behaviors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    71 views21 pages

    Learning Theories: #Behaviorist Perspective #Cognitive Perspective

    Uploaded by

    Al Mira
    The document summarizes key perspectives in learning theories: 1. The behaviorist perspective explains learning through conditioning principles like classical and operant conditioning. It focuses on observable stimuli and responses without internal mental states. 2. The cognitive perspective views learning as involving mental processes like attention, memory, and problem-solving. It considers how humans process and think about information. 3. Social learning theory incorporates aspects of behaviorism but also emphasizes cognition and social influences on learning through observational learning and modeling behaviors.

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    Learning Theories

    #Behaviorist Perspective
    #Cognitive Perspective
    Behaviorist Perspective
    Behaviorism
    the theory that human and animal behavior
    can be explained in terms of conditioning,
    without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and
    that psychological disorders are best
    treated by altering behavior patterns .
    1.Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov 1849 – 1936
    It is the association of an unconditioned
    and conditioned stimulus in such a way
    that the conditioned stimulus comes to
    elicit the unconditioned response.

    John Watson 1878 – 1958


    Humans are born with a few
    reflexes and the emotional
    reactions of love and rage. All
    other behavior is learned through
    stimulus-response associations
    through conditioning.
    2.Connectionism (Edward Thorndike 1874 – 1949 )

    He believed that all learning


    are explained by bonds or
    connections that are formed
    between stimulus and
    response
    3 Primary Laws of
    Learning
    Law of Effect
    Law of Exercise
    Law of Readiness
    Satisfying event following the
    response strengthens the
    connection between the
    stimulus and the behavior,
    whereas, an annoying state
    weakens the connections.
    “Practice makes perfect”. Repetition
    of an experience increases the
    probability of a correct response.
    “annoying or satisfying”
    When the person is
    prepared to respond or act,
    giving the response is
    satisfying, while being
    prevented from giving the
    response becomes
    annoying.
    3.Operant Conditioning (BF Skinner 1904 - 1990)

    Learning occurs when the


    consequence of behavior is
    manipulated. When a particular
    stimulus-response (S-R) pattern
    is reinforced (rewarded), the
    individual is conditioned to
    respond.
    Video Presentation Part 1
    Reinforcement - is the key element to
    explain how and why learning occurs. A
    reinforcer is anything that strengthens
    the desired response.
    Types of Reinforcer
    Positive reinforcer – a pleasant
    consequence to strengthen behavior
    Negative reinforcer – a consequence
    that removes one unpleasant
    situation, thus strengthens the
    behavior.
    Extinction or non-reinforcement- responses that
    are not reinforced are not likely to be repeated

    Schedules of Reinforcement
    • Shaping of Behavior
    • Behavioral Chaining
    • Reinforcement Schedules
    • Fixed Interval Schedules
    • Variable Interval Schedules
    • Fixed Ratio Schedules
    • Variable Ratio Schedule
    Video Presentation Part 2
    Neo Behaviorism
    Is a behavior cannot be fully understood
    simply in terms of observable stimuli
    and reactions. It has aspects of
    behaviorism but it also reaches out to
    the cognitive perspective.
    1.Purposive Behaviorism (Edward Tolman)

    Referred to as Sign Learning Theory


    and is often seen as the link
    between behaviorism and cognitive
    theory. Learning involves forming
    beliefs and obtaining knowledge
    about the environment and then
    revealing that knowledge through
    purposeful and goal-directed
    behavior.
    Tolman’s Key Concept

    1. Learning is always purposive and goal-directed


    2.Cognitive Maps
    3. Latent Learning
    4.The concept of intervening variable
    5.Reinforcement not essential for learning
    2. Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)

    Focuses on the learning that occurs


    within a social context. It considers
    that people learn from one another
    including such concepts as
    observational learning, imitation and
    modeling.
    General Principles of Social Learning Theory
    1. People can learn by observing.
    2.Learning can occur without a change in
    behavior.
    3. Cognition plays a role in learning.
    4.Social learning theory can be considered a
    bridge or a transition between behaviorist
    learning theories and cognitive learning
    theories.
    Cognitive Factors in Social Learning

    1. Learning without performance- similar to latent


    learning
    2. Cognitive processing during learning – attention is a
    critical factor in learning
    3. Expectations – people form expectations about the
    consequence
    4. Reciprocal causation – behavior can influence both
    the environment and the person
    5. Modeling – live model, symbolic model
    Educational Implications of
    Social Learning Theory
    Social learning theory has numerous implications for classroom use

    1. Students often learn a great deal simply by


    observing other people.
    2. Describing the consequences of behavior
    3. Modeling provides an alternative to shaping for
    teaching new behaviors.
    4. Teachers and parents must model appropriate
    behaviors.
    5. Teachers should expose students to a variety of
    other models.
    Video Presentation 3

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