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Tutorial #3

This document provides an overview of switching concepts including terms like ARP, VLANs, access ports, and trunk ports. It outlines tutorials that define ARP as a protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses using broadcasts. VLANs are explained as virtual LANs used to separate broadcast domains by assigning switch ports to different subnetworks. Access ports are for a single VLAN, while trunk ports can carry multiple VLANs using encapsulation. The live exercises demonstrate how to configure ports as access, trunk, and assign them to VLANs using commands like switchport mode and switchport access vlan.

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28 views

Tutorial #3

This document provides an overview of switching concepts including terms like ARP, VLANs, access ports, and trunk ports. It outlines tutorials that define ARP as a protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses using broadcasts. VLANs are explained as virtual LANs used to separate broadcast domains by assigning switch ports to different subnetworks. Access ports are for a single VLAN, while trunk ports can carry multiple VLANs using encapsulation. The live exercises demonstrate how to configure ports as access, trunk, and assign them to VLANs using commands like switchport mode and switchport access vlan.

Uploaded by

Velita Trotman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

1

CSE 2103
Computer Networks and
Data Communications I

Tutorials

Timothy Velloza/Devindra
Kashrinandan
Topic in Focus

Switching: An In-Depth Look


3
Tutorial Outline

▸ Section I: Switching Terms


▸ Section II: Live Configuration
▸ Section III: Questions
4

Section I

Switching Terms
5
Switching Terms: ARP

To first understand ARP, we must have a clear


understanding of the ‘broadcast’ network traffic.
Broadcast traffic travels from a single source to all
devices in a broadcast domain. Layer 2 broadcast
traffic is sent to the broadcast domain using a
MAC address of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. Broadcast
frames are always forwarded out all switch ports
except the port on which the frame was received.
6
Switching Terms: ARP

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a network


protocol used to find out the hardware (MAC)
address of a device from an IP address. It is used
when a device wants to communicate with some
other device on a local network. The sending
device uses ARP to translate IP addresses to MAC
addresses. ARP is also a broadcast protocol.
7
Switching Terms: ARP

The device sends an ARP request message


containing the IP address of the receiving device.
All devices on a local network segment see the
message, but only the device that has that IP
address responds with the ARP reply message
containing its MAC address.
8
Switching Terms: ARP
9
Switching Terms: ARP
10
Switching Terms: ARP
11
Switching Terms: ARP
12
Switching Terms: ARP
13
Switching Terms: ARP
14
Switching Terms: VLANs

By default, switches break up collision domains


but all ports are part of the same broadcast
domain. The problem with a broadcast domain is
that broadcast messages are sent out of every
switch port and in a large network this is
undesirable behavior as it can cause network
congestion etc.
15
Switching Terms: VLANs

To break up broadcast domains in a Layer 2


network we create virtual local area networks
(VLANs). A VLAN is a logical grouping of network
users and resources connected to administratively
defined ports on a switch. When you create
VLANs, you’re given the ability to create smaller
broadcast domains within a layer 2 switched
internetwork by assigning different ports on the
switch to service different sub networks.
16
Switching Terms: VLANs

A VLAN is treated like its own subnet or broadcast


domain, meaning that frames broadcast onto the
network are only switched between the ports
logically grouped within the same VLAN. By
default, hosts in a specific VLAN can’t
communicate with hosts that are members of
another VLAN
17
Switching Terms: VLANs

Benefits of VLANs:
▸ Greatly enhance network security if
implemented correctly.
▸ Increase the number of broadcast domains
while decreasing their size.
▸ Network adds, moves, and changes are
achieved with ease by just configuring a port
into the appropriate VLAN.
18
Switching Terms: Access Ports

An access port belongs to and carries the traffic


of only one VLAN. Anything arriving on an access
port is simply assumed to belong to the VLAN
assigned to the port. Any device attached to an
access link is unaware of a VLAN membership—
the device just assumes it’s part of some
broadcast domain.
19
Switching Terms: Trunk Ports

Trunk ports can carry multiple VLANs


simultaneously. Trunking can be a real advantage
because with it, you get to make a single port part
of a whole bunch of different VLANs at the same
time. In order to correctly deliver the traffic on a
trunk port with several VLANs, the device must
use some sort of frame identification method.
20

Section II

Exercise
21
Simulation #1: ARP
22
Commands to view ARP entries

1. “arp –a” (Windows Command Prompt)


2. “show ip arp” (Cisco Switch)
3. “show mac-address-table” (Cisco Switch)
23
Simulation #2: Access Port
24
Steps to configure Access Port

1. Enter global configuration mode


2. Select the appropriate port
3. Configure the port mode
4. Verify port mode has been changed
25
Command Syntax to configure Access Port

1. “configure terminal”
2. “interface [interface-id]”
3. “switchport mode access”

Verification Command

4. show interface switchport


26
Simulation #2 (Solution Commands)-
Switch0

1. [Press the enter key]


2. enable
3. configure terminal
4. interface fa0/1
5. switchport mode access
6. exit
7. interface fa0/2
8. switchport mode access
9. exit
27
Simulation #3: Trunk Port
28
Steps to configure Trunk Port

1. Enter global configuration mode


2. Select the appropriate port
3. Configure the encapsulation type
4. Configure the port mode
5. Verify port mode has been changed
29
Command Syntax to configure Trunk Port

1. “configure terminal”
2. “interface [interface-ID]”
3. “switchport trunk native vlan 1”
4. “switchport trunk allowed vlan all”
5. “switchport mode trunk”

Verification Command
6. Show interface switchport
7. Show interface trunk
30
Simulation #3 (Solution Commands)-
Switch0

1. [Press the enter key]


2. enable
3. configure terminal
4. interface fa0/1
5. switchport trunk native vlan 1
6. switchport trunk allowed vlan all
7. switchport mode trunk
31
Simulation #3 (Solution Commands)-
Switch1

1. [Press the enter key]


2. enable
3. configure terminal
4. interface fa0/1
5. switchport trunk native vlan 1
6. switchport trunk allowed vlan all
7. switchport mode trunk
32
Simulation #4: VLANs
33
Steps to configure VLAN

1. Enter global configuration mode


2. Create the VLAN number
3. Verify VLAN has been created and named.
34
Command Syntax to configure VLAN

1. “configure terminal”
2. “vlan [vlan-number]”

Verification Command
3. “Show vlan brief”
35
Simulation #4 (Solution Commands)-
Switch0

1. [Press the enter key]


2. enable
3. configure terminal
4. vlan 10
5. exit
6. exit
7. show vlan brief
36
Steps to assign Port to VLAN

1. Enter global configuration mode


2. Select the appropriate port
3. Place port in appropriate VLAN
4. Verify the port has been assigned the correct
VLAN
37
Command Syntax to assign Port to VLAN

1. “configure terminal”
2. “interface [interface-id]”
3. “switchport mode access”
4. “switchport access vlan [vlan-number]”

Verification Command
5. “Show vlan brief”
38
Simulation #4 (Solution Commands)-
Switch0

1. [Press the enter key]


2. enable
3. configure terminal
4. interface fa0/1
5. switchport mode access
6. switchport access vlan 10
7. exit
8. exit
9. show vlan br
39
Conclusion

END
40

Section III

Questions

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