Bio Energy

PRESENTATION ON
BIO ENERGY
BIO ENERGY
• Bioenergy is energy derived from biomass
and biogas source. It is a renewable energy
source.
BIOMASS
• Biomass is organic matter from plants, micro-
-organism grown on land
and water and their derivatives. The energy obtain
from biomass is also called the biomass energy. It is
a renew- -able energy source. Because organic
matter generated everyday. Coal, petroleum,
natural gas are not come in biomass category
because they produce from dead, burried biomass
under high pressure and temperature during
several millions of year.
Type of biomass
• Biomass are classified in three group…..
1. Biomass from cultivated like fields, crops,
forests etc.
2. Biomass derived from wastes like municipal
waste, animal dung etc.
3. Biomass converted into liquid fuels.
• In first group the biomass is directly
converted into energy by burning the biomass.
Second group the biomass is fermented
anaerobically to obtain gaseous fuel like bio-
gas.
Anaerobically
• Naturally occurring bacteria breakdown organic
material (such as agricultural energy crops like Giant
King Grass) in the absence of oxygen resulting in the
creation of methane and carbon dioxide, which make
up the composition of biogas. This process is called
anaerobic digestion and occurs in large enclosed
tanks. The biogas is collected from the anaerobic
digestion tanks and processed through a generator to
produce renewable electricity.
In third group biomass is converted into
ethanol and methanol to use in a liquid
fuels in engine.
Biomass conversion processes
1. Direct combustion
2. Thermochemical conversion
3. Biochemical conversion
direct combustion:-
Combustion is the oldest and most
frequently applied process to extract the energy content
from solid biomass. During combustion, most of the
energy is released in form of heat. Different
thermodynamic processes can be used to transform part
of this heat into electric power.
How to produce electricity by direct combustion.
Thermochemical conversion
• Thermochemical conversion the process
convert the biomass and its residues to fuel,
chemicals and power using gasification
heating of biomass with about one third of
oxygen is necessary for complete combustion
produce mixture of co2 and hydrogen known
as syngas. Pyrolysis heating biomass in
absence or produce a liquid pyrolysis oil. They
both are use as fuel.
Biochemical conversion
• Biochemical conversion by micro-organic
biomass to biofuel are slow process taking
place low temperature. The principle
conversion process is fermentation.
Fermentation is a process of decomposition of
organic matter by micro-organism.
• Example fermentation, decomposition of
sugar to form ethanol and carbon dioxide by
yeast and ethanol forming acetic acid in
making vinegar.
Biochemical conversion
Application of biomass
• generating electricity.
• the producer gas from the biomass gasifier is
first cleaned and cooled and then used as a
fuel in an IC engine.
• Biomass gasifier plants in an industry or an
institute are usually used as captive power
generation unit. In India, a large number of
systems have been put-up in rice mills, with
rice-husk as the feed material for gasifiers.
Advantage of biomass
• Biomass Energy (or Bioenergy) is a renewable energy.
• Biomass is always available it can be found anywhere and
includes organic matter such as plants, animals or waste
products from organic sources.
• Less pollution is generated.
• Reduce Fossil Fuel dependency: With the majority of homes
and businesses using oil to provide energy, oil will gradually
run out if people do not switch to a renewable energy source
such as biomass. Once oil is gone, it is gone forever. The use
of biomass will therefore reduce the dependency on fossil
fuels.
Clean energy: As biomass is relatively clean,
it can be used in such commercial
businesses as airlines, meaning it is good for
the environment and good for businesses.
Disadvantage of biomass
• The initial costs of a biomass is high.
• Harmful to the environment: Although there is a large
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other
systems, there is an increase in methane gases, which can
also be harmful to the Earth’s ozone layer.
• Consumes more fuel: In order to acquire enough lumber to
power a plant, for example, companies would have to clear
large forest area. This makes the use of trees and tree
products to power machines inefficient and can create
environmental problems.
• Large area require.
Biogas
• Biogas :-typically refers to a mixture of different
gases like fuel gas, sewer and in India known as
Gobar gas. Gas produced by the breakdown of
organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas
can be produced from raw materials such as
agricultural waste, municipal waste,
plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste
. It is a renewable energy source. Biogas can be
produced by anaerobic digestion with
anaerobic bacteria, which digest material inside a
closed system.
Biogas plant
Dome type gas plant
• This type of biogas plant developed by china. In
china design it is usual to provide a mainhole cover
at the top inlet and outlet are connected at a mid
point of digester. Upper part of digester above liquid
surface provide storage space for biogas. When gas
is produced level of digester liquid drops whereas
that in outlet rises with height difference between
the two varying gas pressure. This difference in
height help to regulate gas pressure within digester
over a wide range.
Advantage of Dome type gas plant
• No moving parts, therefore no maintenance
problem.
• Longer working life.
• Low cost.
• Low operating cost.
• Large amount of gas produce.
• Space above of the plant may use other
purpose
Disadvantage of Dome type gas plant
• Require skill masons for construction.

• Variable gas pressure.
• Problem of scum formation.
Moveable drum type plant
• This type is also known as floating dome type
biogas plants. A floating-drum plant consists of a
cylindrical or dome-shaped digester and a moving,
floating gas-holder, or drum. The gas-holder floats
either directly in the fermenting slurry or in a
separate water jacket. The drum in which the biogas
collects has an internal and/or external guide frame
that provides stability and keeps the drum upright.
If biogas is produced, the drum moves up, if gas is
consumed, the gas-holder sinks back.
Moveable drum type plant
material
Floating-drums made of glass-fiber reinforced
plastic and high-density polyethylene have been
used successfully, but the construction costs are
higher compared to using steel. Floating-drums
made of wire-mesh-reinforced concrete are
liable to hairline cracking and are intrinsically
porous. They require a gas-tight, elastic internal
coating. PVC drums are unsuitable because they
are not resistant to UV.
Advantage of Moveable drum type plant
• Constant gas pressure.

• No problem in gas leakage.
• Higher gas production.
• Scum problem is less.
• Pressure is naturally equalised.
Disadvantage of Moveable drum type plant
• High cost.
• High maintenance.
• Outlet pipe should be flexible. It require
regular attention.
• Heat is loss through gas holder.

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PRESENTATION ON

• Require skill masons for construction.

• Constant gas pressure.

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