HW 1

• A work group of 5 workers in a certain month
produced 500 units of output working 8 hr/day for

22 days in the month. (a) What productivity
measures could be used for this situation, and what
are the values of their respective productivity ratios?
(b) Suppose that in the next month, the same work
group produced 600 units but there were only 20
workdays in the month. Using the same productivity
measures as before, determine the productivity
index using the prior month as a base.
• There are 20 forging presses in the forge shop of a small
company. The shop produces batches of forgings requiring a
setup time of 3.0 hours for each production batch. Average
standard time for each part in a batch is 45 seconds, and
there are an average of 600 parts in a batch. The plant
workforce consists of two workers per press, two foremen,
plus three clerical support staff. (a) Determine how many
forged parts can be produced in 1 month, if there are 8
hours worked per day and an average of 21 days per month
at one shift per day. (b) What is the labor productivity ratio
of the forge shop, expressed as parts per worker-hour?
• A farmer's market is considering the addition of bar code scanners at their check‑out
counters, which would use the UPC marked on all grocery packages. Currently, the
check‑out clerk keypunches the price of each item into the register during check‑out.
Observations indicate that an average of 50 items are checked out per customer. The clerk
currently takes 7 seconds per item to keypunch the register and move the item along the
check‑out table. On average it takes 25 seconds to total the bill, accept money from the
customer, and make change. It then takes 4 seconds per item for the clerk to bag the
customer's order. Finally, about 5 seconds are lost to transition to the next customer. Bar
code scanners would eliminate the need to keypunch each price, and the time per item
would be reduced to 3 seconds with the bar code scanner. (a) What is the hourly
throughput rate (number of customers checked out per hour) under the current check‑out
procedure? (b) What would be the estimated hourly throughput rate if bar code scanners
were used? (c) If separate baggers were used instead of requiring the check‑out clerk to
perform bagging in addition to check‑out, what would be hourly throughput rate? Assume
that bar code scanners are used by the clerk. (d) Determine the productivity index for each
of the two cases in (b) and (c), using (a) as the basis of comparison and hourly customers
checked out per labor hour as the measure of productivity.
• The normal time of the work cycle in a worker-machine
system is 5.39 min. The operator-controlled portion of the
cycle is 0.84 min. One work unit is produced each cycle. The
machine cycle time is constant. (a) Using a PFD allowance
factor of 16% and a machine allowance factor of 30%,
determine the standard time for the work cycle. (b) If a
worker assigned to this task completes 85 units during an 8-
hour shift, what is the worker’s efficiency? (c) If it is known
that a total of 42 min was lost during the 8-hour clock time
due to personal needs and delays, what was the worker’s
performance on the portion of the cycle he controlled?
• A worker is responsible for loading and unloading a production
machine. The load/unload elements in the repetitive work cycle
have a normal time of only 24 sec, and the machine cycle time is
2.83 min. One part is produced each cycle. Every sixth cycle, the
operator must replace the tote pans of parts, which takes 2.40 min
(normal time). For setting the standard time, the PFD allowance
factor is 15%, and the machine allowance factor is 15%. Determine
the standard time under the following alternative assumptions: (a)
the irregular element is performed as an external element and (b)
the irregular element is performed as an internal element. (c)
Determine the corresponding standard daily production quantities
(8-hour shift) for each of these time standards.

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• A work group of 5 workers in a certain month

produced 500 units of output working 8 hr/day for

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