Blood Sampling or

Blood Collection
1. Siti Aisyah
2. Siti Lina Maulani
3. Solahudin
4. Sulis Setiawati
5. Syifa Ayu Lestari
Blood Sampling or Blood
Collection
• The blood can be taken from a vein where it is called venous
blood collection or arteries where it is called arterial blood
collection. Minute quantities of blood can be taken from various
sites by pricking the skin.
 Purpose of Blood Collection
Blood collection is carried out for the following reasons:
1. To obtain blood for analysis and diagnosis of various disorders:
a. analyzing and quantifying various biochemical parameters in the body like
blood sugar, cholesterol, uric acid, blood gases, etc.
b. measurement and morphological assessment of blood components (
complete blood counts including red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets)
2. culture and antibiotic sensitivity of blood in case of septicemia.
3. Therapeutic purpose: removal of blood for treatment of high levels of iron
(as in hemochromatosis, thalassemia, etc) or red blood cells ( as in
polycythemia)
4. To collect blood for later uses, like blood donation.
Avoid Puncturing These
Areas
1. While it is important to know the best veins to access it’s also important to
know which areas to avoid.
2. These areas include:
3. Edematous sites (swollen sites filled with serous fluid)
4. Scarred or burned areas
5. Fistulas and grafts
6. Hematomas
7. From an IV cannula (unless permitted by your institution)
8. Sites above an IV cannula in the same vessel
9. Arm with PICC line 
10. Arm with a preexisting or current blood clot
11. Arm on side of a mastectomy
12. Via an open wound or area of infection
13. Arm in which blood is being transfused
14. Arm on the side of a surgical procedure
Step 1 : Identify The Vein
1. The first step in drawing blood
correctly is to identify the
appropriate veins to puncture. For
adult patients, the most common
and first choice is the median
cubital vein in the antecubital fossa.
Commonly referred to as the
antecubital or the AC it can be
found in the crevice of the elbow
between the median cephalic and
the median basilic vein. 
2. This is an extremely large vessel and
if stuck properly can yield excellent
blood results. Some health care
settings may insert blood drawing
peripheral intravenous catheters
into this vessel for frequent blood
draws.  
 Step 2 : Gather Supplies
• After identifying the site for •These supplies include:
the blood draw, gather the 1.Evacuated Collection Tubes (tubes specific
appropriate supplies needed. to labs ordered)
Some institutions have kits 2.Personal Protective Equipment (ie gloves)
with all of the needed
supplies while others will 3.Appropriate blood-drawing needles
require the nurses to gather 4.Tourniquet
them individually. An 5.Hand Sanitizer
important tip - take extra 6.Alcohol swabs for skin disinfection
supplies into the patient’s 7.Laboratory specimen labels
room in case you need to 8.Gauze
attempt a second
venipuncture.
9.Blood transfer device
10.
Adhesive bandage/tape
11.
Laboratory forms
12.
Bio-hazard leak-proof transportation bags
13.
Puncture resistant sharps container
 Step 3 : Venipuncture
1. Explain the procedure and reason 6. Apply a tourniquet approximately
for the blood draw to the patient. 3-4 inches above the selected site.
2. Identify the patient using two Closely monitor the arm to ensure
patient identifiers Confirm the that is is not applied to tight or for
ordered tests and fill out the more than 2 minutes. Reasons for
appropriate forms and labels. concern would include numbness,
3. Check for any allergies or tingling, change of color to blue or
sensitivities with the patient white, and extreme pain
regarding antiseptics, adhesives, or
latex. True allergies should be
identified on an allergy ID band but
sensitivities may not be reported at
the time of patient admission. 
4. Position the patient and
hyperextend the patient’s arm.
5. Perform good hand hygiene and
don appropriate PPE. 
 Next…
7. Ask the patient to make a fist and 8. Prep the venipuncture site by
not pump the hand. This is a cleansing the area with an alcohol
common misconception - pumping prep pad for 30 seconds and allow
the hand does not increase venous to air dry for 30 seconds. Do not
circulation.  wave, fan, or blow on the area as
this contaminates the area and
leads to increased risk for infection. 
 Next…
9. Grab the patient’s lower arm 10. If properly inserted blood should
(below site of puncture) firmly to flash into the catheter. If this does
draw the skin taut and anchor the not happen then the needle has
vein from rolling. Insert the needle either not punctured the vein or the
at a 30 to 45-degree angle into the needle went through the vessel.
vessel.
 Next…
11. Remove the tourniquet 12. Attach the needed tubes or
syringes to remove the proper
volume of blood.
 Next…
• 13. Remove the needle from the 14. Dispose of contaminated
patient’s arm and press down on materials and needles in the
the vessel with gauze.  designated hospital approved
containers.
 Next...
15. Label appropriate tubes at the bedside and place into transport bags.

16. Deliver blood specimens to the laboratory promptly. If the blood is not
delivered in a timely manner it can cause hemolysis and skew the lab results. 
Remember…
Safety First!
Thank You!