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    Ideal Operational Amplifier and Op-Amp Circuits

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    Shubhankar Kundu
    The document discusses ideal operational amplifiers (op-amps) and op-amp circuits. It describes the key characteristics of an ideal op-amp as having infinite open-loop gain and infinite input impedance. It then explains various op-amp circuit configurations including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators. Formulas are provided for calculating the voltage gain for each configuration. Example circuits are shown and methods are described for calculating output voltages given input voltages or resistance values.

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    Ideal Operational Amplifier and Op-Amp Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Shubhankar Kundu
    69 views33 pages
    The document discusses ideal operational amplifiers (op-amps) and op-amp circuits. It describes the key characteristics of an ideal op-amp as having infinite open-loop gain and infinite input impedance. It then explains various op-amp circuit configurations including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators. Formulas are provided for calculating the voltage gain for each configuration. Example circuits are shown and methods are described for calculating output voltages given input voltages or resistance values.

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    The document discusses ideal operational amplifiers (op-amps) and op-amp circuits. It describes the key characteristics of an ideal op-amp as having infinite open-loop gain and infinite input impedance. It then explains various op-amp circuit configurations including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators. Formulas are provided for calculating the voltage gain for each configuration. Example circuits are shown and methods are described for calculating output voltages given input voltages or resistance values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    69 views33 pages

    Ideal Operational Amplifier and Op-Amp Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Shubhankar Kundu
    The document discusses ideal operational amplifiers (op-amps) and op-amp circuits. It describes the key characteristics of an ideal op-amp as having infinite open-loop gain and infinite input impedance. It then explains various op-amp circuit configurations including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, and differentiators. Formulas are provided for calculating the voltage gain for each configuration. Example circuits are shown and methods are described for calculating output voltages given input voltages or resistance values.

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    You are on page 1of 33

    IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AND

    OP-AMP CIRCUITS
    Introduction
    • Operational Amplifiers are represented
    both schematically and realistically below:
    – Active component!
    inverting
    output
    non-inverting

    Op-amp circuit symbol

    • Open loop mode


    • Vo = A ( v2 – v1)
    – A is referred to as the
    open loop gain.
    – Notice that is v2 = v1, the
    open loop gain equals to

    Ideal Op Amp
    • Common Mode Rejection ratio (CMRR):
    CMRR is the ability of a differential amplifier to
    reject the common mode signal successfully. It is
    also called figure of merit.
    ∴ CMRR = ρ = |Ad/ Ac|
    • Advantages of OP-AMP over conventional
    amplifier:
    1. It has smaller size.
    2. Its reliability is higher than conventional
    amplifier.
    3. Reduced cost.
    4. Less power consumption.
    5. Easy to replace.
    6. Same OP-AMP can be used for various
    applications.
    • Op amp can be configured to be used for
    different type of circuit applications:
    – Inverting Amplifier
    – Non – inverting Amplifier
    – Summing Amplifier
    – Integrator
    – Differentiator
    • Two main characteristics:
    • We want the open loop gain to be equal to  which means that v2 = v1

    • We also want the input resistance to be equal to  , hence there is no


    current going into the op-amp
    Inverting Amplifier

    Op-amp as an inverting amplifier

    Voltage at node 1 (inverting) = voltage at node 2 (non-inverting )


    KCL at node 1:
    (Vi – 0) / R1 = (0 – Vo) / R2
    Vi / R1 = - Vo / R2

    Vo = - R2
    Vi R1
    Exercise 8.3

    Gain = - (R2 / R1) = -(150/12) = -12.5


    Can the voltage gain be calculated using the same formula?
    Try and use the same method in deriving Vo/Vi
    Non - Inverting Amplifier
    Voltage at node 1 (inverting) = voltage at node 2 (non-inverting )
    KCL at node 1:
    (0– Vi) / R1 = (Vi – Vo) / R2

    -(Vi / R1) = (Vi / R2) – (Vo / R2)

    Vo / R2 = (Vi / R2) + (Vi / R1) = Vi 1R2 + 1R1

    Noninverting amplifier
    Vo / Vi = R2 1R2 + R
    11
    Voltage Follower / Buffer Amplifier

    Vo = Vi
    Hence, gain = 1
    Summing Amplifier
    Similarly,Amplifier
    Summing

    i 1 + i 2 + i 3 – i4 – 0 = 0

    Output voltage

    Example 8.2

    Design a summing amplifier as shown in figure to produce a specific output signal, such
    that vo = 1.25 – 2.5 cos t volt. Assume the input signals are vI1 = -1.0 V, vI2 = 0.5 cos t
    volt. Assume the feedback resistance RF = 10 k
    Solution: output voltage
    Subtractor
    Other Op-Amp Applications
    Integrator

    Integrator circuit
    • Applications of an integrator:
    1.In the triangular wave or ramp generator
    2.In the analog to digital converter
    3.In analog computers to solve differential
    equations.
    4.As a low pass filter.
    Differentiator

    Differentiator circuit
    EXAMPLE 8.4
    • Applications of differentiator:
    1.In the P-I-D controller.
    2.As a high pass filter
    3.In the wave shaping circuits to generate
    narrow pulses corresponding to any sharp
    change in the input signal.
    Calculating Gain and Design Questions

    INVERTING NON - INVERTING

    Calculating Output and Design Questions


    SUMMING AMPLIFIER

    INTEGRATOR AMPLIFIER
    DIFFERENTIATOR AMPLIFIER
    Va Vb

    NON - INVERTING INVERTING INVERTING

    Calculate the input voltage if the final output, VO is 10.08 V. 

    Finally: Then: Have to work backwards:


    Va = (1 + 10/5) V1 Vb = -(5/5) Va Vo = -(100/5) Vb
    -0.504 = - Va 10.08 = -20 Vb
    0.504 = 3V1
    Va = 0.504 V Vb = -0.504 V
    V1 = 0.168 V
    What is the value of Vin1 from the figure above?

    12 = - 24 [ Vin1 / 24 + (-2) / 24 + (-6) / 24 ]


    12 = - [ Vin1 – 2 – 6 ]
    12 = - Vin1 + 2 + 6
    Vin1 = - 4 V
    Va

    INVERTING SUMMING

    Calculate the output voltage, VO if V1 = V2 = 700 mV

    Va = -(500/250) 0.7 Then:


    Va = -1.4 V Vo = - 500 [ Va / 100 + V2 / 50 ]
    Vo = - 500 [ -1.4 / 100 + 0.7 / 50 ]
    Vo = 0 V
    Calculate the output voltage VO of the operational amplifier
    circuit as shown in the figure.

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