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    Production and Operations Management

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    yared haftu
    This document discusses different types of production processes. It begins by defining what a process is and providing examples of food and hospital processes. It then covers the following key points in 3 sentences: Process selection refers to how an organization chooses its production methods and has implications for capacity, facility layout, equipment, and work systems. The document outlines continuous, semi-continuous, intermittent, batch, job shop, and project processes, noting the distinguishing characteristics of each like volume, standardization, flexibility, and skills required. A product-process matrix is presented to illustrate the relationship between production volume and product standardization for different process types.

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    Production and Operations Management

    Uploaded by

    yared haftu
    22 views21 pages
    This document discusses different types of production processes. It begins by defining what a process is and providing examples of food and hospital processes. It then covers the following key points in 3 sentences: Process selection refers to how an organization chooses its production methods and has implications for capacity, facility layout, equipment, and work systems. The document outlines continuous, semi-continuous, intermittent, batch, job shop, and project processes, noting the distinguishing characteristics of each like volume, standardization, flexibility, and skills required. A product-process matrix is presented to illustrate the relationship between production volume and product standardization for different process types.

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    CHAPTER-4-2

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    This document discusses different types of production processes. It begins by defining what a process is and providing examples of food and hospital processes. It then covers the following key points in 3 sentences: Process selection refers to how an organization chooses its production methods and has implications for capacity, facility layout, equipment, and work systems. The document outlines continuous, semi-continuous, intermittent, batch, job shop, and project processes, noting the distinguishing characteristics of each like volume, standardization, flexibility, and skills required. A product-process matrix is presented to illustrate the relationship between production volume and product standardization for different process types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views21 pages

    Production and Operations Management

    Uploaded by

    yared haftu
    This document discusses different types of production processes. It begins by defining what a process is and providing examples of food and hospital processes. It then covers the following key points in 3 sentences: Process selection refers to how an organization chooses its production methods and has implications for capacity, facility layout, equipment, and work systems. The document outlines continuous, semi-continuous, intermittent, batch, job shop, and project processes, noting the distinguishing characteristics of each like volume, standardization, flexibility, and skills required. A product-process matrix is presented to illustrate the relationship between production volume and product standardization for different process types.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Production and

    Operations Management
    Ataklty Adugna (Ass. Professor)
    Mekelle University
    College of Business and
    Economics
    Department of Management
    1
    CHAPTER-IV

    PROCESS SELECTION

    2
    Introduction
    process is any part of an organization that
    takes inputs and transforms them into
    outputs that, it is hoped, are of greater
    value to the organization than the original
    inputs.
    All processes convert inputs into outputs.

    3
    Cont…
    1.Food Process
    .
    Inputs Process Output

    Raw vegetables Cleaning


    Canned
    Metal sheets Making cans
    vegetables
    Water Cutting
    Energy Cooking
    Labor Packing
    Building Labeling
    Cooking equipments

    4
    Cont…
    1. Hospital Process
    Inputs Process Output

    Doctors and Nurses Examination


    Hospital Surgery
    Medical Supplies
    Healthy patents
    Equipments Monitoring
    patients
    Laboratories Medication
    Therapy

    5
    Process Selection
    Process selection refers to the way an
    organization chooses to produce its goods
    or provide its services.
    Essentially it involves the choice of
    technology.
    Process Selection has major implications
    for:

    6
    Cont…
    capacity planning
     layout of facilities
     equipment and
     design of work systems.

    7
    Cont…
    A good relation has to prevail among:
    a) Operations strategy
    b) New product development and
    c) Process selection

    8
    Importance of Process Selection
    Decisions
    They are strategic in nature demanding
    special coordination among the functional
    areas.
    They greatly affect the business’s ability
    to realize its mission.
    They affect it ability to experience a good
    competitive advantage.
    They affect a firm’s ability to meet
    customers’ demand.
    9
    Process Selection cont…
    Process decisions are affected by the operations
    strategy which addresses the issues of:
    1. Make or Buy decision
    The make or buy decision is the perquisite for process
    selection.
    Factors considered in the make or buy decision are:
    Available capacity
    Available and required expertise
    Quality consideration
    The nature of demand
    Production and Purchase Cost
    2. Process Flexibility and
    3. Degree of automation or capital intensity
    10
    Types of Processes
    Continuous Processes
     Continuous processes are employed when
    a highly uniform product or service is
    produced or rendered.
     Continuous processes are characterized
    by:
     Perfect product standardization
     Very high product volume
     Specialized purpose or function
    11
    cont
     Expensive process equipments
     Logical arrangement of the equipments
     Products are continuous rather than
    discrete.
     Shut-downs and start-ups are costly
     High vulnerable to shutdowns
     Low personnel skills required
     Wide span of supervision

    12
    Semi continuous Processes
    Semi-continuous processes also called
    repetitive processes are employed to
    produce outputs that allow for some variety
    products are highly similar but not identical.
    Typically, these products are produced in
    discrete units.
    High volume products
    Relatively low skills
    Relatively greater product variety

    13
    Intermittent Processes
    Processes used to produce a variety of
    products with different processing
    requirements in lower volumes.
    Volume is much lower than in continuous
    and semi-continuous systems.
    The equipments are general purpose.
    Workers are semi skilled and skilled
    Span of supervision is narrow

    14
    Batch Processes
    are intermittent processes that are used
    when companies need to produce
    moderate volumes of similar products.
    Batch manufacturing companies make a
    batch of one product, then switch over
    (set up) the equipment and make a batch
    of another item.

    15
    Job Shops
     are also intermittent processes that are used
    to produce small lots, low volume products.
    Equipments involved are general purpose, and
    the need for skilled workers to operate and
    supervise such highly flexible equipments is
    tremendously high.
    What distinguishes the job shop operation
    from batch processing is that the job
    requirements often vary considerably from job
    to job.
    16
    Project Type

    A
     project is a highly flexible and low volume type

    operation.

    Usually
     the item to be produced stays in a fixed place

    and all the resources come to it.

    At
     the end of production, resources leave the place.

    Some
     types of service operations may also be called as

    Projects because they involve a team of people over a

    period of time and then they leave the project.


    17
    Intermittent and Repetitive (continuous and semi-
    continuous) Operations

    18
    Underlying Process Relationship between Volume and
    Standardization Continuum

    19
    Product-Process Matrix

    20
    OU
    K Y
    AN
    TH
    21

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