THERMODYNAMICS

Enthalphy of an ideal gas is a function only of ___

a. entropy
b. internal energy
c. temperature
d. pressure

Ans: C
Which of the following is the most efficient
thermodynamic cycle?

a. Brayton
b. Otto
c. Carnot
d. Diesel

Ans: C
What is the first law of thermodynamics?

a. internal energy is due to molecular motions

b. entropy of the universe is increased by irreversible
processes
c. energy can neither be created nor destroyed
d. heat energy cannot be completely transformed into
work

Ans: C
An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. What is the
enthalpy change?

a. always negative
b. always positive
c. zero
d. undefined

Ans: C
Name the process that has no heat transfer.

a. isothermal
b. isobaric
c. polytropic
d. adiabatic

Ans: D
An ideal gas is compressed in a cylinder so well
insulated that there is essentially no heat transfer. The
temperature of the gas

a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains constant
d. is zero

Ans: B
What is the SI unit of pressure?

a. kg/cm2
b. dynes/cm2
c. pascals
d. psi

Ans: C
The equation Cp = Cv + R applies to which of the
following?

a. enthalpy
b. ideal gas
c. two phase states
d. all pure substances

Ans: B
In the flow process, neglecting kinetic and potential
energies, the integral of VdP represents what?

a. heat transfer
b. flow energy
c. enthalpy change
d. shaft work

Ans: D
Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy
of heat

a. kinetic energy
b. enthalpy
c. heat exchanger
d. heat of compression

Ans: B
The theory of changing heat into mechanical work.

a. thermodynamics
b. kinematics
c. inertia
d. kinetics

Ans: A
Average pressure on a surface when a changing pressure
condition exist.

a. back pressure
b. partial pressure
c. pressure drop
d. mean effective pressure

Ans: D
Which of the following cycles consists two isothermal
and two constant volume processes?

a. diesel cycle
b. ericsson cycle
c. stirling cycle
d. otto cycle

Ans: C
A control volume refers to what?

a. a fixed region in space

b. a reversible process
c. an isolated system
d. a specified mass

Ans: A
In the polytropic process, PVn = C, if the value of n is
infinitely large, the process is

a. isobaric
b. isometric
c. isothermal
d. polytropic

Ans: B
If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is
increased beyond the saturation pressure, then the
working medium must be:

a. compressed liquid
b. subcooled liquid
c. saturated vapor
d. saturated liquid

Ans: A
Is one whose temperature is below the saturation
temperature corresponding to its pressure

a. superheated vapor
b. wet vapor
c. subcooled liquid
d. saturated liquid

Ans: C
Number of molecules in a mole of any substance is a
constant called ___.

a. rankine constant
b. avogadro’s number
c. otto constant
d. thompson constant

Ans: B
If the pressure of a gas is constant the volume is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature.

a. boyle’s law
b. joule’s law
c. charle’s law
d. kelvin’s law

Ans: C
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the
number of electrons in the orbit of an atom.

a. atomic volume
b. atomic number
c. atomic weight
d. atomic mass

Ans: B
In a P-T diagram of a pure substance, the curve
separating the solid phase from the liquid phase is:

a. vaporization curve
b. fusion curve
c. boiling point
d. sublimation point

Ans: B
A water temperature of 18 deg F in the water cooled
condenser is equivalent in deg C to ___.

a. 7.78
b. 10
c. 263.56
d. -9.44

Ans: B
The latent of vaporization in Joules per kilogram is equal
to ___.

a. 5.4 x 102
b. 4.13 x 103
c. 22.6 x 105
d. 3.35 x 105

Ans: C
Form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of the
random motion of large number of molecules.

a. internal energy
b. kinetic energy
c. heat of fusion
d. heat

Ans: D
If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is
increased beyond the saturation pressure, then, the
working medium must be:

a. saturated vapor
b. compressed liquid
c. saturated liquid
d. subcooled liquid

Ans: B
Is the condition of pressure and temperature at which a
liquid and its vapor are indistinguishable.

a. critical point
b. dew point
c. absolute humidity
d. relative humidity

Ans: A
When a substance in gaseous state is below the critical
temperature, it is called ___.

a. vapor
b. cloud
c. moisture
d. steam

Ans: A
Superheated vapor behaves

a. just as gas
b. just as steam
c. just as ordinary vapor
d. approximately as a gas

Ans: D
Which of the following provides the basis for measuring
thermodynamic property of temperature?

a. zeroth law of thermodynamics

b. first law of thermodynamics
c. second law of thermodynamics
d. third law of theromdynamics

Ans: A
Which of the following is commonly used as liquid
absorbent

a. silica gel
b. activated alumina
c. ethylene glycol
d. none of these

Ans: C
Mechanism designed to lower the temperature of air
passing through it.

a. air cooler
b. air defense
c. air spill over
d. air cycle

Ans: A
A device measuring the velocity of wind

a. aneroid barometer
b. anemometer
c. anemoscope
d. anemograph

Ans: B
Heat normally flowing from high temperature body to a
low temperature body wherein it is impossible to convert
heat without other effects

a. first law of thermodynamics

b. second law of thermodynamics
c. third law of thermodynamics
d. zeroth law of thermodynamics

Ans: B
The temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to
the pressure exerted on the liquid

a. absolute humidity
b. calorimetry
c. boiling point
d. thermal point

Ans: C
A nozzle is used to

a. increase velocity and decrease pressure

b. decrease velocity as well as pressure
c. increase velocity as well as pressure
d. decrease velocity and increase pressure

Ans: A
The sum of the energies of all the molecules in a system
where energies appear in several complex form

a. kinetic energy
b. potential energy
c. internal energy
d. frictional energy

Ans: C
The total energy in a compressible or incompressible
fluid flowing across any section in a pipeline is a
function of

a. pressure and velocity

b. pressure, density and velocity
c. pressure, density, velocity and viscosity
d. flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and
internal energy

Ans: D
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of
some standard substance

a. relative density
b. specific gravity
c. specific density
d. relative gravity

Ans: B
Is the one whose pressure is higher than the saturation
pressure corresponding to its temperature

a. compressed liquid
b. saturated liquid
c. saturated vapor
d. superheated vapor

Ans: A
The changing of solid directly to vapor without passing
through the liquid state is called

a. evaporation
b. vaporization
c. sublimation
d. condensation

Ans: C
Weight per unit volume is termed as ___.

a. specific gravity
b. density
c. weight density
d. specific volume

Ans: C
What is the SI unit of force?

a. pound
b. newton
c. kilogram
d. dyne

Ans: B
The volume of fluid passing a cross-section of steam in
unit time

a. steady flow
b. uniform flow
c. discharge
d. continuous flow

Ans: C
What equation applies in the first law of
thermodynamics for an ideal gas in a reversible open
steady-state system?

a. Q – W = U2 – U1
b. Q + VdP = H2 – H1
c. Q – VdP = U2 – U1
d. Q – PdV = H2 – H1

Ans: B
A pressure of 1 milibar is equivalent to

a. 1000 dynes/cm2
b. 1000 cm of Hg
c. 1000 psi
d. 1000 kg/cm2

Ans: A
When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium
at very instant of its state, it is undergoing:

a. isobaric
b. quasi-static process
c. isometric process
d. cyclic process

Ans: B
What is the force which tends to draw a body toward the
center about which is rotating?

a. centrifugal force
b. centrifugal in motion
c. centrifugal advance
d. centripetal force

Ans: D
What is the process that has no heat transfer?

a. reversible isometric
b. isothermal
c. polytropic
d. adiabatic

Ans: D
Which of the engine is used for fighter bombers?

a. turbojet
b. pulsejet
c. rockets
d. ramjet

Ans: A
Exhaust gases from an engine posses

a. solar energy
b. kinetic energy
c. chemical energy
d. stored energy

Ans: B
At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is

a. temperature dependent
b. zero
c. minimum
d. maximum

Ans: B
What is the force which tends to draw a body toward the
center about which is rotating?

a. centrifugal force
b. centrifugal in motion
c. centrifugal advance
d. centripetal force

Ans: D
When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium
at very instant of its state, it is undergoing:

a. isobaric
b. quasi-static process
c. isometric process
d. cyclic process

Ans: B
A pressure of 1 milibar is equivalent to

a. 1000 dynes/cm2
b. 1000 cm of Hg
c. 1000 psi
d. 1000 kg/cm2

Ans: A
Work done per unit charge when charged is moved from
one point to another

a. equipotential surface
b. potential at a point
c. electrostatic point
d. potential difference

Ans: B
How many independent properties are required to
completely fix the equilibrium state of a pure gaseous
compound?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Ans: B
Which of the following relations defines enthalpy?

a. h = P/T
b. h = u +PV
c. h = u +P/V
d. h = PV + T

Ans: B
Which of the following is true for water at a reference
temperature where enthalpy is zero?

a. internal energy is negative

b. entropy is non-zero
c. specific volume is zero
d. vapor pressure is zero

Ans: A
On what plane is the Mollier diagram plotted?

a. P-V
b. P-T
c. H-S
d. H-U

Ans: C
The compressibility factor z, is used for predicting the
behavior of non-ideal gases. How is the compressibility
factor defined relative to an ideal gas? (superscript c
refers to critical value)

a. z = P/Pc
b. z = PV/RT
c. z = T/Tc
d. z = (T/Tc)(Pc/P)

Ans: B
How is the quality x of a liquid – vapor mixture defined?

a. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor

b. the fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid
c. the fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor
d. the fraction of the total mass that is saturated liquid

Ans: C
What is the expression for heat of vaporization?

a. hg
b. hf
c. hg - hf
d. hf - hg

Ans: C
What is the value of the work done for a closed,
reversible, isometric system?

a. zero
b. positive
c. negative
d. indeterminate

Ans: A
What is the equation for the work done by a constant
temperature system?

a. W = mRT ln(V2 – V1)

b. W = mR (T2 – T1) ln (V2/V1)
c. W = mRT ln (V2/V1)
d. W = RT ln (V2/V1)

Ans: C
What is true about the polytropic exponent n for a
perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process?

a. n>0
b. n<0
c. n = infinity
d. n = 0

Ans: D
How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic
process?

a. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat

transfer= 0
b. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat transfer
=0
c. Adiabatic: Reversible , Isentropic: Not reversible
d. Both: Heat transfer = 0; Isentropic: Reversible

Ans: D
During an adiabatic, internally reversible process, what
is true about change in entropy?

a. it is always zero
b. it is always less than zero
c. it is always greater than zero
d. it is temperature dependent

Ans: A
For an irreversible process, what is true about the change
in entropy of the system and surroundings?

a. ds = dq/dt
b. ds = 0
c. ds > 0
d. ds < 0

Ans: C
For which type of process does the equation dQ = Tds
hold?

a. irreversible
b. reversible
c. isobaric
d. isothermal

Ans: B
Which of the following is true for any process?

a. ∆s (surrounding) + ∆s (system) > 0

b. ∆s (surrounding) + ∆s (system) < 0
c. ∆s (surrounding) + ∆s (system) ≤ 0
d. ∆s (surrounding) + ∆s (system) ≥ 0

Ans: D
Which of the following thermodynamic cycle is the most
efficient?

a. Brayton
b. Rankine
c. Carnot
d. Otto

Ans: C
The ideal reversible Carnot cycle involves four basic
processes. What type of processes are they?

a. all isothermal
b. all adiabatic
c. all isentropic
d. two isothermal and two isentropic

Ans: D
What is the temperature difference of the cycle if the
entropy difference is ∆s , and the work done is W?

a. W - ∆S
b. W/ ∆S
c. ∆S/W
d. ∆S – W

Ans: B
Which of the following is not an advantage of a
superheated, closed Rankine cycle over an open Rankine
cycle?

a. lower equipment cost

b. increased efficiency
c. increased turbine life
d. increased boiler life

Ans: D
Which of the following statements regarding Rankine cycle is not true?

a. use of a condensable vapor in the cycle increases the efficiency of

the cycle

b. the temperature at which energy is transferred to and from the

working liquid are less separated than in a Carnot cycle

c. superheating increases the efficiency of a Rankine cycle

d. in practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to

corrosion is not a key limitation on the operating efficiency

Ans: D
Which of the following is standard temperature and
pressure

a. 0 K and 1 atm
b. 0 F and 0 pressure
c. 32 F and 0 pressure
d. 0 C and 1 atm

Ans: D
A substance is oxidized when which of the following
occurs?

a. it turns red
b. it losses electrons
c. it gives off heat
d. it absorbs energy

Ans: B
Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?

a. Pa
b. kg/m-s
c. bars
d. kg/m2

Ans: B
Which of the following is a definition of Joule?

a. Newton meter
b. kg-m/s2
c. unit of power
d. rate of change of energy

Ans: A
Which of the following is a basis for Bernoulli’s law for
fluid flow?

a. the principle of conservation of mass

b. the principle of conservation of energy
c. the continuity equation
d. fourier’s law

Ans: B
Equation of state for a single component can be any of the
following except:

a. the ideal gas law

b. any relationship interrelating 3 or more state functions

c. relationship mathematically interrelating thermodynamic

properties of the material

d. a mathematical expression defining a path between states

Ans: D
The state of thermodynamic system is always defined by
its:

a. absolute temperature
b. process
c. properties
d. temperature and pressure

Ans: C
In any non quasi-static thermodynamic process, the
overall entropy of an isolated system will

a. increase and then decrease

b. decrease and then increase
c. increase only
d. decrease only

Ans: C
Entropy is the measure of:

a. the internal energy of a gas

b. the heat capacity of a substance
c. randomness or disorder
d. the change of enthalpy of a system

Ans: C
Which of the following statements about entropy is false

a. entropy of a mixture is greater than that of its

components under the same conditions

b. an irreversible process increases entropy of the universe

c. net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero

d. entropy of a crystal at 0 deg F is zero

Ans: D
Work or energy can be a function of all of the following
except:

a. force and time

b. power and time
c. force and time
d. temperature and entropy

Ans: C
Energy changes are represented by all except which of
the following:

a. mCpdt
b. -∫VdP
c. Tds – PdV
d. dQ/T

Ans: D
U + pV is a quantity called:

a. shaft work
b. entropy
c. enthalpy
d. internal energy

Ans: C
In the flow process, neglecting KE and PE changes,
∫VdP represents which item below?

a. heat transfer
b. shaft work
c. enthalpy change
d. closed system work

Ans: B
Power may be represented in units of

a. lb – ft
b. KW-H
c. BTU
d. BTU/H

Ans: D
Equilibrium conditionexist in all except which of the
following?

a. in reversible processes
b. in processes where driving forces are infinitesimals
c. in a steady flow process
d. where nothing can occur without an effect on the
system’s surrounding

Ans: C
In a closed system (with a moving boundary) which of
the following represents work done during an isothermal
process?

a. W = 0
b. W = P(V2 – V1)
c. W = P1V1 ln V2/V1
d. W = (P2V2 – P1V1)/1-n

Ans: C
A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a
continuoum characterized by a low resistance to flow
and the tendency to assume the shape of its container

a. fluid
b. atom
c. molecule
d. vapor

Ans: A
A substance that is homogenous in composition and
homogenous and invariable in chemical aggregation

a. pure substance
b. simple substance
c. vapor
d. water

Ans: A
A substance whose state is defined by variable intensive
thermodynamic properties

a. pure substance
b. simple substance
c. vapor
d. water

Ans: B
A system in which there is no exchange of matter with
the surrounding or mass does not cross its boundaries

a. open system
b. closed system
c. isolated system
d. nonflow system

Ans: B
A system that is completely impervious to its
surrounding or neither mass nor energy cross its
boundaries

a. open system
b. closed system
c. isolated system
d. nonflow system

Ans: C
A system in which there is a flow of mass across its
boundaries

a. open system
b. closed system
c. isolated system
d. steady flow system

Ans: A
The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the
system are total values such as total volume and total
internal energy

a. intensive properties
b. extensive properties
c. specific properties
d. state properties

Ans: B
The properties that are independent of the mass of the
system such as temperature, pressure, density and
voltage

a. intensive properties
b. extensive properties
c. specific properties
d. state properties

Ans: A
The properties for a unit mass and are intensive by
definition such as specific volume

a. intensive properties
b. extensive properties
c. specific properties
d. thermodynamic properties

Ans: C
The condition is identified through the properties of the
substance, generally defined by particular values of any
two independent properties

a. state
b. point
c. process
d. flow

Ans: A
The only base unit with a prefix kilo is

a. kilogram
b. kilometer
c. kilojoule
d. kilopascal

Ans: A
The force of gravity on the body

a. weight
b. specific gravity
c. attraction
d. mass

Ans: A
The mass per unit volume of any substance

a. density
b. specific volume
c. specific weight
d. specific gravity

Ans: A
The force of gravity on unit volume is

a. density
b. specific volume
c. specific weight
d. specific gravity

Ans: C
The reciprocal of density is

a. specific volume
b. specific weight
c. specific gravity
d. specific heat

Ans: A
Avogadro’s number, a fundamental constant of nature, is
the number of molecules in a gram-mole. The constant is

a. 6.05222 x 1023
b. 6.02252 x 1023
c. 6.20522 x 1023
d. 6.50222 x 1023

Ans: B
The ratio of gas constant to Avogadro’s number is

a. Maxwell’s constant
b. Boltzmann’s constant
c. Napier’s constant
d. Joule’s constant

Ans: B
The absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale is at

a. -459.7 F
b. 459.7 F
c. -273.15 C
d. 273.15 C

Ans: A
Absolute temperatures on the Fahrenheit scales are
called

a. degrees Rankine
b. degress Kelvin
c. absolute Fahrenheit
d. absolute Celsius

Ans: A
The absolute zero on the degrees Celsius is at

a. -459.7 F
b. 459.7 F
c. -273.15 C
d. 273.15 C

Ans: C
What is the absolute temperature in Celsius scale

a. degrees Rankine
b. degress Kelvin
c. absolute Fahrenheit
d. absolute Celsius

Ans: B
The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Gabriel
Fahrenheit of Amsterdam, Holland in what year?

a. 1592
b. 1742
c. 1730
d. 1720

Ans: D
The Celsius scale was introduced by Anders Celsius in
what year?

a. 1542
b. 1740
c. 1730
d. 1720

Ans: B
The National Bureau of Standards uses, among others,
the liquid-vapor equilibrium of hydrogen at

a. -196 C
b. 196 C
c. 253 C
d. -253 C

Ans: D
The National Bureau of Standards uses, among others,
the liquid-vapor equilibrium of nitrogen at

a. -196 C
b. 196 C
c. 253 C
d. -253 C

Ans: A
The liquid-vapor equilibrium of oxygen is at what
temperature

a. 197.82 C
b. -197.82 C
c. 182.97 C
d. -182.97 C

Ans: D
The solid-liquid equilibrium of mercury is at what
temperature?

a. 38.87 C
b. -38.87 C
c. 37.88 C
d. -37.88 C

Ans: B
The solid-liquid equilibrium of tin is at what
temperature?

a. -38.87 C
b. 38.87 C
c. 231.9 C
d. -231.9 C

Ans: C
The solid-liquid equilibrium of zinc is at what
temperature?

a. 231.9 C
b. 419.505 C
c. 444.60 C
d. 630.5 C

Ans: B
The liquid-vapor equilibrium of sulfur is at what
temperature

a. 231.9 C
b. 419.505 C
c. 444.60 C
d. 630.5 C

Ans: C
The solid-liquid equilibrium of antimony is at what
temperature?

a. 630.5 C
b. 419.505 C
c. 444.60 C
d. 231.9 C

Ans: B
The solid-liquid equilibrium of silver is at what
temperature?

a. 630.5 C
b. 960.8 C
c. 1063 C
d. 1774 C

Ans: B
The solid-liquid equilibrium of gold is at what
temperature?

a. 630.5 C
b. 960.8 C
c. 1063 C
d. 1774 C

Ans: C