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    Chapter 3 Soil Erosion and Its Controls

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Singh
    This chapter discusses soil erosion and its controls. It defines different types of erosion such as geologic erosion, accelerated erosion, and classifications based on eroding agents, action, form, and location. Factors affecting erosion like climate, soil, topography, biology, engineering, and tillage are also examined. The chapter then covers measuring erosion using various plot and watershed sizes, predicting soil loss, establishing soil loss tolerances, and historical models for evaluating erosion.

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    Chapter 3 Soil Erosion and Its Controls

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Singh
    77 views15 pages
    This chapter discusses soil erosion and its controls. It defines different types of erosion such as geologic erosion, accelerated erosion, and classifications based on eroding agents, action, form, and location. Factors affecting erosion like climate, soil, topography, biology, engineering, and tillage are also examined. The chapter then covers measuring erosion using various plot and watershed sizes, predicting soil loss, establishing soil loss tolerances, and historical models for evaluating erosion.

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    The present document is about the Water Erosion in soil.

    Original Title

    watershed-11-water erosion

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    This chapter discusses soil erosion and its controls. It defines different types of erosion such as geologic erosion, accelerated erosion, and classifications based on eroding agents, action, form, and location. Factors affecting erosion like climate, soil, topography, biology, engineering, and tillage are also examined. The chapter then covers measuring erosion using various plot and watershed sizes, predicting soil loss, establishing soil loss tolerances, and historical models for evaluating erosion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    77 views15 pages

    Chapter 3 Soil Erosion and Its Controls

    Uploaded by

    Harsh Singh
    This chapter discusses soil erosion and its controls. It defines different types of erosion such as geologic erosion, accelerated erosion, and classifications based on eroding agents, action, form, and location. Factors affecting erosion like climate, soil, topography, biology, engineering, and tillage are also examined. The chapter then covers measuring erosion using various plot and watershed sizes, predicting soil loss, establishing soil loss tolerances, and historical models for evaluating erosion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Chapter 3 Soil Erosion and Its

    Controls
    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    • Soil erosion is the detachment and removal
    of soil particles from the soil mass by
    water or wind.

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 2 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    • Geologic erosion is the erosion under
    natural or undisturbed condition. It is
    called normal erosion or natural erosion
    also.
    • Accelerated erosion is the increased rate of
    erosion over the geologic erosion brought
    about by human’s activity.

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 3 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    • Soil erosion rate is the gross amount of soil
    moved by water and wind.
    • Soil loss is the soil moved off a particular s
    lope or field.
    • Sediment yield is soil loss delivered to a p
    oint under evaluation.

    Kirkby, M.J. and R.P.C. Morgan. Edited. Soil Erosion, Jo


    hn Wiley & Sons.

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 4 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    Classification of erosion by eroding agents
    • Water erosion
    • Wind erosion

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 5 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    Classification of erosion by action
    • Rain drops
    • Shallow flows
    • Concentrated flows

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 6 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    Classification of erosion by form
    • Sheet erosion
    • Rill erosion
    • Gully erosion
    • Channel erosion

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 7 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.1 Introduction
    Classification of erosion by location
    • Inter-rill erosion
    • Rill erosion

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 8 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    General classification of erosion


    Inter-rill erosion
    Rill erosion
    Water
    Gully erosion
    Channel erosion
    Wind
    Gravity Mass movement
    Freezing and
    thawing erosion
    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 9 of 15
    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.2 Factors affecting erosion


    • Climate R
    • Soil K
    • Topography LS
    • Biological B
    • Engineering E
    • Tillage T

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 10 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.3 Measurement of soil erosion


    • Microplots 1cm2
    • Unit plot: 6ft72.6ft = 0.01 acre
    • Large plots
    • Small watersheds
    <1000 km2
    <200 km2
    <50km2
    • Hydrological stations
    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 11 of 15
    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.4 Prediction of soil loss


    • Scientific farm planning for soil and water
    conservation requires knowledge of the
    relations between those factors that cause
    loss of soil and water and those that help
    reduce such losses.
    • Controlled studies on field plots and small
    watershed have supplied much valuable
    information.
    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 12 of 15
    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.4 Prediction of soil loss


    • Greatest benefits from such research can
    be realized only when the finding are
    converted to sound practice.
    • Specific guidelines are needed fro
    selecting the control practices.
    • The soil loss prediction procedure provides
    such guidelines.

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 13 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.5 Soil Loss Tolerances

    The maximum level of soil erosion that


    will permit a high level of crop productivit
    y to be sustained economically and indefin
    itely

    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 14 of 15


    Chapter 3  Soil erosion and its control

    3.6 Models of soil erosion


    • 1940, Zigg, A.W., Degree and length of land slo
    pe as it effects soil loss I runoff
    • 1965, Wischmeier, W.W., Universal soil loss eq
    uation
    • 1978, USLE
    • 1980, CREAMS—Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosi
    on from Agricultural Management Systems
    • 1996, WEPP—Water Erosion Prediction Project
    • 1997, RUSLE—Revised Universal Soil Loss Eq
    uation
    20/7/8 Watershed management-- 11 15 of 15

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