MECHINERIES USE FOR PILE

INSTALLATION
NURUL HUDA BT MOHD JAMAL
AB03061
 INTRODUCTION
 The installation process and method of
installations are equally important factors as of
the design process of pile foundations.
 2 main type of pile installation:
 Pile hammer
 Boring by mechanical auger
PILE HAMMERS
 PILE HAMMER
Factor should be taken by using this method is:
 the size and the weight of the pile
 the driving resistance which has to be
overcome to achieve the design penetration
 the available space and head room on the site
 the availability of cranes
 the noise restrictions
 Pile driving methods
(displacement piles)
Categories of pile driving method:
 Dropping weight
 Explosion
 Vibration
 Jacking (restricted to micro-pilling)
 Jetting
 DROP HAMMERS
 A hammer with approximately the weight of
the pile is raised a suitable height in a guide
and released to strike the pile head.
 2 types of drop hammers:
 Single-acting steam or compressed-air
hammers
 Double-acting pile hammers
 1. Single-acting steam or
compressed-air hammer
 comprise a massive weight in the form of a
cylinder
 admitted to the cylinder raises it up the fixed
piston rod.
 At the top of the stroke, which can be
controlled by the operator, the steam is cut off
and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet.
Eg:Pile driving using hammer

Mechineries
 2. Double-acting pile hammers
 driven by steam or compressed air
 back guides are bolted to the hammer to
engage with leaders, and only short leg-
guides are used to prevent the hammer from
moving relatively to the top of the pile.
 Double-acting hammers are used mainly for
sheet pile driving.
 DIESEL HAMMERS
 classified as single and double-acting
 employs a ram which is raised by explosion at
the base of a cylinder.
 a vacuum is created in a separate annular
chamber as the ram moves upward
 almost doubling the output of the hammer over
the single-acting type.
 provide an efficient pile driving capacity, but
not effective for all types of ground.
 PILE DRIVING BY VIBRATING
 usually electrically powered @ hydraulically
powered
 consists of contra-rotating eccentric masses
within a housing attaching to the pile head.
 amplitude of the vibration is sufficient to break
down the skin friction on the sides of the pile.
 best suited to sandy or gravelly soil.
 HYDRAULIC VIBRATORY
HAMMER
 Require litter soil displacement
 Involved reducing of ----skin friction
----an ingress of

water
Advantages using a hydraulic vibratory
hammer
 The ground return to its original load
bearing when the vibration stop
 Much less resistance ( noise, surrounding
ground movement)
 Faster ringging and deringging onsite
 Suitable for surface compasition and pile
extraction
 JETTING
 to aid the penetration of piles in to
sand or sandy gravel, water jetting
 very limited effect in firm to stiff
clays or @ any soil containing much
(coarse gravel, cobbles, or boulders).
BORING BY MECHANICAL
AUGER
 Boring by mechanical auger
 Types of boring by mechanical
auger:
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
Underreaming
C.H.D.P
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
 An equipment comprises of a mobile base
carrier fitted with a hollow-stemmed flight
auger which is rotated into the ground to
required depth of pilling.
 To form the pile:
 concrete is placed through the flight auger as
it is withdrawn from the ground.
 The auger is fitted with protective cap on the outlet at
the base of the central tube
 rotated into the ground by the top mounted rotary
hydraulic motor which runs on a carrier attached to
the mast.
 On reaching the required depth, highly workable
concrete is pumped through the hollow stem of the
auger, and under the pressure of the concrete the
protective cap is detached.
 While rotating the auger in the same direction
as during the boring stage, the spoil is expelled
vertically as the auger is withdrawn and the
pile is formed by filling with concrete.
 The important things in the presses:
 rotation of the auger
 flow of concrete is matched that collapse of
sides of the hole above concrete on lower
flight of auger is avoided
 Factor of successful  Factor of failure
installation the pile: installation the pile:
 soft ground  the rotation of the auger
 enables to install a is not matched
variety of bored piles of  the advance of the auger
various diameters is not matched
 Free of tree roots
 Free of Cobbles
 Free of boulders
CFA Process
 Under reaming
 A special feature of auger bored piles which is
sometimes used to enable to exploit the
bearing capacity of suitable strata by providing
an enlarged base.
 The types of soil:
 has to be capable of standing open
unsupported
 Stiff and to hard clays, such as the London
clay, are ideal.
 the underreaming tool is fitted inside the
straight section of a pile shaft
 expanded at the bottom of the pile to produce
the underream
 after installation and before concrete is casted,
a man carrying cage is lowered and the shaft
and the underream of the pile is inspected.
a) hydraulic rotary drilling equipment b) C.F.A,
c) undrreaming tool open position
 C.H.D.P (Continuous Helical
Displacement Piles )
 a short, hollow tapered steel former complete with a
larger diameter helical flange, the bullet head is fixed
to a hallow drill pipe which is connected to a high
torque rotary head running up and down the mast of a
special rig.
 A hollow cylindrical steel shaft sealed at the lower
end by a one-way valve and fitted with triangular
steel fins is pressed into the ground by a hydraulic
ram.
 There are no vibrations.
C.H.D.P.
SCREW PILING
SPECIALISTS  
 Introduction
 Combines the old fashion principles of honesty
and integrity with tomorrow’s technology
 Continuing vision to build long-term
 The Screw Piling division design,
manufacturer, install and certify Screw Piles to
suit a vast range of applications, from fence
posts to heavy load bearing applications up to
130 tonnes. 
 Reliability
 The Screw Piling technique is a simple welded
assembly
 this technique is based on geo-technical
expertise in soil engineering
 the ability to design Screw Piles to suit many
different soil conditions
 the requirement exists for long-term structural
integrity
 Applications for Screw Piling
 Residential & Commercial buildings, Bridge
abutments, Soil Stabilization 
 Pipeline supports, Signage towers & Light
poles, Tension structures 
 Permanent & Temporary structures,
Underpinning 
 Boardwalks, Beachfront structures. 
  Advantages of Screw Piling
 Ease of handling (lightweight), Rapid installation (few
minutes per pile) 
 Minimal site preparation No excavation or soil removal,
Unaffected by ground water 
 Compatible for connection to other building materials
(Concrete/Timber) 
 Removable, Installation in sections in areas of limited
headroom 
 Use as shallow tension ground anchors (structures subject
to wind loads) 
 Compression members, No environmental damage,
Vibration free installation 
 
 
SCREW PILING SPECIALISTS  
G-PILE SYSTEM
 G-Pile System
 A grip jacking technique is the quiet technique
 This system is low in noise, free of vibration and
other pollution
 suitable for use in urban, noise sensitive areas
 It can install precast, steel or timber piles to
unlimited depth
 successfully applied in various types of soil, from
soft and stiff clays, loose and dense sands,
gravel to weathered rocks.
The G-Pile Model XZY 600T