Mental Abitity PPT 3

REASONING
ABILITY
REASONING ABILITY
Session – 1
CLOCKS
CLOCKS
Unit of Time
• The unit of time in clocks is seconds. A second, the SI unit of time, is
defined as the natural periodicity of the radiation of a caesium-133
atom. A duration of 60 seconds is defined as a minute. In clocks, it is
also defined as the time taken by the minute hand to move across a
minute space.
• A duration of 60 minutes is defined as an hour. In clocks, it is also
defined as the time taken by the hour hand or short hand to move
across five minute spaces or one hour space. A day is also defined as
the duration of 24 hours.
•Angles
in the Face of a Clock
Hour hand covers an angle of 360oin 12 hours. So, the hour hand in one
hour will cover . So for every minute, the hour hand moves through .
Minute hand covers an angle of 360oin 1 hour. So for every minute, the
minute hand moves through .
Both the hands of the clock move in same direction. So, their relative
displacement for every minute is 5.5o. This 5.5omovement constitutes
the movements of both the hands. So for every minute, both the hands
give a relative displacement of 5.5o.
•Formula
to find the angle between the hands of the clock
(When minute hand is trailing the hour hand)
(When minute hand is leading the hour hand)
Where is the angle between the hands, H and M are the positions of
hour hand and minute hand at that instant respectively.
•
Frequency of formation of angles between the hands of the clock
With the relative displacement, it is easier to find the frequency at which the
hands of a clock form a particular angle. Let's find the number of times the
hands of the clock form 0in a day.
The hands of the clock coincide every 65
In a day there are 24 60 = 1440 minutes
In a day the hands of the clock coincide
It can be inferred that the hands of the clock coincide once in every hour
except for two occasions i.e. from 11 to 1 o'clock they coincide only once at
12 o'clock. So, it is 11 times in 12 hours and thus 22 times in 24 hours.
The finding can be extended to other angles by applying the formula , or for
every hour in the clock.
Angle Occurrence in a day Reference time
0º 22 times 12 o'clock
30º 44 times 11 o'clock and 1 o'clock
180º 22 times 6 o'clock
• From the table, we find that there are two reference times for all
angles except 0 and 180. As seen already, the angle 30 is formed
twice for every hour but occurs only thrice in the following periods
of time.
• From 10 o'clock to 12 o'clock (Reference time 11 o'clock)
• From 12 o'clock to 2 o'clock (Reference time 1 o'clock)
• Hence, in 12 hours the no. of times the hands of the clock form 30
is 22. Therefore, in 24 hours the no. of times is 44. Similar approach
can be used to conclude the frequency of formation for other angles.
Gain and loss of time in an incorrect clock
A normal clock becomes incorrect when there is a change in the speeds of
the hands of the clock. As seen already, duration of a day is measured by
the time taken by the hour hand to move across the 12 divisions twice.
So, when the speed of the hands of the clock increases they complete their
rotation for a day sooner. Thus, they result in loss of time when actually
compared with the duration for a day in a correct clock .
Similarly, when the hands of the clock move slower than usual, they take
more time to complete the rotations for a day. Thus, they result in gaining
more time for a day when compared with that in a correct clock.
1. Find the angle between the hands of a clock when the time is 5:40.
(a) 80
(b) 160
(c) 70
(d) 120
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2. Find the angle between the minute hand and the hour hand of a clock
when the time is 7:20.
(a) 80
(b) 90
(c) 100
(d) 110

3. The reflex angle between the hands of a clock at 10:25 is
(a) 180
(b) 162.5
(c) 165
(d) 197.5

4. Find the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock
when the time is 15:25.
(a) 47.5
(b) 45.5
(c) 50
(d) None of these

5. At what time between 5 p.m. and 6 p.m., do the hands of a clock
coincide?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) None of these

6. The minute hand of a clock is found to cross the hour hand x minutes
past three. Find x.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

7. The number of minutes from midnight to now is 9 times the number of
minutes from now to noon. What time is it now?
(a) 10.50 a.m.
(b) 10.48 a.m.
(c) 10.40 a.m.
(d) 10.53 a.m.

8. Find at what time (in minutes) past 8 o'clock but before 9 o'clock will
the hands of a clock be in the same straight line but not together.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

9. How many times in a day do the hands of a clock form 60?
(a) 22
(b) 33
(c) 44
(d) 55

10. A few times per day, the minute hand of a clock is exactly above (or
below) the hour hand. How many times per day does this occur?
(a) 11 times
(b) 24 times
(c) 22 times
(d) 44 times

11. At how many times between 12 o'clock and 1 o'clock are the minute
hand and the hour hand of a clock at an angle of 90 degrees to each
other?
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 2

12. How much does a watch lose per day, if its hands coincide every 64
minutes?
(a) min
(b) min
(c) 90 min
(d) 96 min

13. How many minutes is it until six o’clock if fifty minutes ago it was four
times as many minutes past three o’clock?
(a) 26 minutes
(b) 27 minutes
(c) 30 minutes
(d) None of these

14. A man who went out between 3 and 4 and returned between 8 and 9,
found that the hands of the watch had exactly changed places. When
did he return?
(a) 14 min past 8
(b) min past 8
(c) min past 8
(d) min past 8

15. My watch was 8 minutes behind at 8 p.m. on Sunday but it was 7
minutes ahead of time at 8 p.m. on Wednesday. During this period, at
which time has this watch shown the correct time?
(a) Tuesday 10.24 a.m.
(b) Wednesday 9.16 p.m.
(c) Tuesday 10.24 p.m.
(d) Wednesday 9.16 a.m.

16. A friend of mine invented a new clock. It times an entire day in 10
hours, each hour in 100 minutes and each minute in 100 seconds.
What normal time is it when it reads 5:41?
(a) 12:59:02
(b) 12:59:01
(c) 11:59:02
(d) None of these

17. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at intervals of 65
minutes of the correct time. How much a day does the clock gain or
lose in minutes?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

18. Between 11 o'clock and 12 o'clock, how often will the difference
between the minute and hour hands of a clock have an integral
number of minutes?
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 3
(d) 5

19. A clock loses 1% time during the first week and then gains 2% time
during the next one week. If the clock was set right at 12 noon on a
Sunday, what will be the time shown by the clock exactly after 14 days
from the time it was set right?
(a) 1:40:48 p.m.
(b) 1:40:28 p.m.
(c) 1:40:46 p.m.
(d) 1:40:26 p.m.

20. A clock is set right at 8 a.m. The clock gains 10 minutes in 24 hours.
What will be the true time when the clock indicates 1 p.m. on the
following day?
(a) 48 min past 12
(b) 48 min past 11
(c) 45 min past 12
(d) 45 min past 11

End of Session - 1
Thank You…
Session – 2
CALENDARS
CALENDARS
Leap Year
• Leap Years are needed to keep our modern day Gregorian calendar
in alignment with the Earth's revolutions around the sun. It takes
the Earth approximately 365.242199 days – or 365 days, 5 hours, 48
minutes and 46 seconds – to circle once around the Sun. This is
called a tropical year.
• However, the Gregorian calendar has only 365 days in a year, so if
we didn't add a day on February 29 nearly every 4 years, we would
lose almost six hours off our calendar every year. After only 100
years, our calendar would be off by approximately 24 days!
Which Years are Leap Years?
• In the Gregorian calendar 3 criteria must be taken into account to identify
leap years:
o The year is evenly divisible by 4;
o If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is NOT a leap year, unless the year is
also evenly divisible by 400. Then it is a leap year.
• This means 2000 and 2400 are leap years but 1800, 1900, 2100,
2200, 2300 and 2500 are NOT leap years.
• REASON: Every ordinary year, 0.25 days short of 10 minutes and 48
seconds is carried forward. This adds to exactly 259200 seconds i.e. 3 days
for every 400 years and hence these three days are reduced one by one for
every 100 years with no reduction in the 400th year, which is therefore a
leap year. That’s the reason for most of the centuries not being leap years.
• So every year which is exactly divisible by 4 is a leap year,
except centuries.
o E.g.: 1968, 1972, 1984, 1988 and so on are examples of Leap Years. 1986,
1990, 1994, 1998, and so on are examples of non-leap years.
• However, centuries which are divisible by 400 are leap

years.
o E.g.: 400, 800, 1200 are leap years but 100, 200, 300, 500, 600 are not
leap years. Last day of a century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday or
Saturday.
• First day of a century must be Monday, Tuesday, Thursday or

Saturday.
The days more than the complete number of weeks in a given period are called
odd days.
An ordinary year has 365 days = 52 weeks and 1 odd day
A leap year has 366 days = 52 weeks and 2 odd days
Century (100 years) = 76 ordinary years + 24 leap years
Which means…
100 years = 76 ordinary years + 24 leap years
= 76 odd days + 24  2 odd days
= 124 odd days
= 17 weeks + 5 days
So, 100 years have 5 odd days.
200 years have 3 odd days.
300 years have 1 odd day.
400 years have 0 odd days.
For week:
DAY 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
ODD
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
DAY
For Month:
Month Jan-31 February Mar-31 Apr-30 May-31 Jun-30 Jul-31 Aug-31 Sep-30 Oct-31 Nov-30 Dec-31
28/29
Odd Days 3 0 -1 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3

Working Rules:
I. Finding the day of the week on a particular date when reference day
is given.
• Step 1: Find the net number of odd days for the period between the
reference day and the given date (exclude the reference day but
count the given date for counting the number of net odd days).
• Step 2: The day of the week on the particular date is equal to the
number of net odd days ahead of the reference day (if the reference
day was before this date) but behind the reference day (if this date
was behind the reference day).
II. Finding the day of the week on a particular date when no reference
day is given.
To find out the day, we have to find out the number of odd days by the
following 4 steps:
1. Number of odd days in the past century.
2. Number of odd days in the past year.
3. Number of odd days in the continuing year month-wise.
4. Number of odd days in the continuing month till the
exact day.
III. We consider the first date as 1.1.1. It has only one odd day, hence it
is Monday.
IV. In an ordinary year (Jan, Oct), (Feb, March, Nov), (April, July),
(Sep, Dec) are pairs of months that start with the same day.
V. The first day and the last day of an ordinary year are always the
same. The last day will always be the next day of its first day in a leap
year.
1. Find the day of the week on 16th July 1776.
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Thursday
2. What was the day of the week on 17th June 1998?
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Thursday
3. What was the day of the week on 15th August 2010?
(a) Sunday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Friday
4. The first Republic day of India was celebrated on 26 th January 1950. It was
_______.
(a) Tuesday
(b) Wednesday
(c) Thursday
(d) Friday
5. What was the day on 1st January 1901?
(a) Monday
(b) Wednesday
(c) Sunday
(d) Tuesday
6. First day of 1999 was a Sunday. What day was the last day of that year?
(a) Sunday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Wednesday
7. If 11th January 1997 was a Sunday, then what was the day on 10th January 2000?
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Wednesday
(d) Friday
8. Consider the dates 9.11.99 or 11.9.99, depending on how you write the date.
Either way, Day * Month = Year, where the year is written as the last two digits.
How many other days in the 20th century can you find that will have this
property?
(a) 211 days
(b) 212 days
(c) 214 days
(d) 215 days

9. 20th March, 1995 was a Monday. What was the day on 3rd November, 1994?
(a) Thursday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Sunday
(d) Saturday
10. 6th May, 1993 was a Thursday. What day of the week was 6th May, 1992?
(a) Saturday
(b) Wednesday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Friday
Directions for Question 11 to 15: A, B, C, D, E are five consecutive years. 292nd
day of A is Sunday. 240th day of E is Tuesday.
11. The middle of the span of given five years falls on?
(a) Saturday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Sunday
12. What was last day of the year D?

(a) Saturday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Sunday
13. What is 151th day of year B?

(a) Saturday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Sunday
14. What is the first day of the year C?

(a) Saturday
(b) Monday
(c) Tuesday
(d) Sunday
15. Which one of the following is odd man out in the year E?
(a) Saturday
(b) Monday
(c) Friday
(d) Sunday
16. Find the percentage of people whose birthdays falls on the last day of February
in a leap year if number of births everyday remains the same?
(a) 2.74
(b) 0.2732
(c) 0.0684
(d) 0.024
17. A person born on 25 March 1925 used to enjoy every Monday as a holiday after
attaining his 25th birthday. How many weekends could he have enjoyed such a
holiday before attaining his 30th birthday?
(a) 260
(b) 261
(c) 272
(d) 250
18. How many times does the 29th day of the month occurs in 400 consecutive
years?
(a) 4500
(b) 4498
(c) 4497
(d) 4495
19. The calendar for the year 2007 would be the same for which of the following
years?
(a) 2014
(b) 2016
(c) 2017
(d) 2013
20. If today is Monday, what will be the day 350 days from now?
(a) Monday
(b) Tuesday
(c) Sunday
(d) Friday
End of Session - 2
Thank You…
Session – 3
DIRECTIONS

Direction sense is one of the prime topics in Logical Reasoning. Questions
from this topic generally involve an individual travelling certain distances
in certain directions. The best way to solve these problems is to represent
the traces of the path traversed by the person, as provided by the
questions.
Four directions and four sub directions are shown in the image.
I. North (N), East (E), South (S) and West (W)

are four directions.
II. While South-East (SE), South-West (SW),
North-West (NW) and North-East (NE) are four
cardinal directions.

1. One day, Raviraj left home and cycled 20 km southwards, turned
right and cycled 10 km and turned right and cycled 20 km and turned
left and cycled 20 km. How many kilometers will he have to cycle to
reach his home straight?
(a) 50 km (b) 30 km
(c) 40 km (d) 60 km
2. If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on.

What will West become?
(a) North-East (b) North-West
(c) South-East (d) South-West

3. Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of
Z, then in which direction of Y, is P?
(a) North (b) South
(c) South-East (d) South-West
4. Golu started from his house towards North. After covering a distance
of 8 km. he turned towards left and covered a distance of 6 km. What is
the shortest distance now from his house?
(a) 10 km (b) 16 km
(c) 14 km (d) 2 km

5. Vishwanath was walking on the road early morning after the sunrise
and his shadow was failing to his left. Which direction was he facing?
(a) East (b) North
(c) West (d) Either East or West
6. A, B, C, D are playing game of carom. A, B and C, D are partners. C is

to the left of B who is facing east. Then D is facing
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) West

7. A is 40 m South-West of B. C is 40 m South-East of B. Then C is in
which direction of A?
(a) East (b) West
(c) North-east (d) South
8. After walking 6 km, I turned right and covered a distance of 2 km,

then turned left and covered a distance of 10 km. In the end, I was
moving towards the north. From which direction did I start my
journey?
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) West

9. If 'South-east' is called 'East', 'North-West' is called 'West', 'South-
West' is called 'South' and so on, what will 'North' be called?
(a) East (b) North-East
(c) North-West (d) South
10. Sanmitra walks 4 km. Towards North, turns right and walks 5 km.
Then he turns towards South and walks 2 km. Again he takes a turn
towards west walks 3 km and stops for a while. Then he further walks 2
km. What is the distance of Sanmitra from starting point?
(a) 16 km (b) 2 km
(c) 4 km (d) 3 km

11. A boy is facing towards North-West and turns 180º clockwise, again
45º clockwise and then turns through 270º anti-clockwise. In which
direction is he facing now?
(a) West (b) North-West
(c) South-West (d) South
12. A river flows West to East and on the way turns left and runs in a
semi-circular path around a hillock and then turns left at right angle. In
which direction is the river finally flowing?
(a) North (b) West
(c) South (d) East

•13. A man goes North 5 km, turns right and goes for 10 km, then turns
right again for 5 km and then moves left for 7 km. At what distance and
in which direction is he now from the starting point.
(a) 15 km, West (b) 17 km, East
(c) 16 km South (d) 18 km North
14. Kunalwalks 18 km towards North. From there, he walks 12 km

towards South. Then he walks 6 km towards East. How far and in which
direction is he with reference to his starting point?
(a) West (b) North-East
(c) East (d) West

•15. City D is 9 km to the West of City M. City R is 8 km to the South of
City D. If the city K is to the East of City R and is also exactly to the
South-east of D, then what is its distance from the city D?
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
16. Ram walks 1 km towards East and he turns to South and walks 5
km. Again he turns to East and walks 2 km, after which he turns to
North and walks 9 km. Now, how far is he from his starting point?
(a) 3 km (b) 4 km
(c) 5 km (d) 7 km

17. X walks 10 metres towards East and then 10 metres to the right.
Then, every time turning to his left, he walks 5, 15 and 15 metres
respectively. How far and in which direction is he now from the starting
point?
(a) 5 metres, North
(b) 10 metres, North-East
(c) 7 metres, South
(d) 12 metres, North-West

18. A and B start moving towards each other from two places 200 m
apart. After walking 60 m, B turns left and goes 20 m, then he turns
right and goes 40 m. He then turns right again and comes back to the
road on which he was initially walking. If A and B walk with the same
speed, what is the distance between them now?
(a) 20 m (b) 30 m
(c) 40 m (d) 50 m

19. Five villages P, Q, R, S and T are situated close to one another. P is 2
km to the West of Q, R is 2 km to the South of P, T is 2 km to the North
of Q and S is 2 km to the East of T. Then how far and in which direction
is R located with reference to S?
(a) 5 km, North-West (b) 5 km, South-East
(c) 6 km, South-West (d) None of these
20. The time in a clock is exactly 3 p.m.. Now the clock is turned in such
a way that the minute hand points to East. What is the direction now
opposite to the hour hand?
(a) South-West (b) South
(c) West (d) North

•21. Raiis standing in the middle of a square field with side . He start
walking diagonally towards North-East to the corner of the field.
Halfway, he turns right and reaches the far end of the field. Then, he
turns right and starts walking. In the midway, he again turns right and
starts walking to the starting point from where he then turns left and
walks to reach the corner of the field. In what direction and at what
distance is Rai now from the starting point?
(a) North, 3 km (b) South, 2 km
(c) North-West, 3 km (d) South-West, 2 km

22. Ram and Roy started from a place X. Ram went West and Roy went
North, both travelling with the same speed. After some time, both
turned to the left and walked a few steps. They again turned to the left
and walked the same distance. Then Ram turned 45º clockwise and
Roy turned 45º anti-clockwise. Which directions will they be facing
now?
(a) South-East, North-East
(b) South-West, North-West
(c) South, North
(d) West, East

23. W walked 40 m towards West took a left turn and walked 30 m. He,
then, took a right turn and walked 20 m. He again took a right turn and
walked 30 m after which he once again turned right and walked one-
third of the previous distance. How far and in what direction is he now
from the starting point?
(a) 40 m, West (b) 45 m, East
(c) 50 m, West (d) 50, South

24. Two buses start from the opposite points A and B, on the main
road, 150 km apart. The first bus runs 25 km and takes a right turn and
then runs for 15 km. It then turns left and runs for another 25 km and
takes the direction to reach back the main road. In the meantime, the
other bus runs 40 km along the main road and then turns left to run 25
km. At this stage, what is the distance between the two buses?
(a) 70 km (b) 55 km
(c) 60 km (d) 65 km

•25. City Y is at a distance of 40 km to the East of city X which is 20 km to
the North of city Z. If the city P is 20 km South of 2, then in which
direction of Y is P? Also find the distance between the cities P and Y.
(a) North, 50 km (b) East, km
(c) South-East, 40 km (d) South-West, km
26. Joe and Jane are both walking away from point ‘O’ in opposite
directions. Joe walked 2 m and Jane 3 m from it, then Joe walked 5 m
North while Jane walked 7 m South. What is the distance between them
now?
(a) 6 m (b) 8 m (c) 13 m (d) 12 m

27. Town D is 20 km to the West of town M. Town R is 15 km to the South of
town D. Town K is to the East of town R and at a distance of 15 km from the
town M. Town K is in what direction and at what distance from the town D?
(a) 25 km, South-West (b) 28 km, East
(c) 30 km, South (d) 25 km, South-East
28. Karim walked 5 m towards North, took a left turn and walked for 10 m.
He then took a right turn and walked for 20 m and again took a right turn
and walked 10 m. How far is he then from the starting point and also in
what direction?
(a) 20 m, East (b) 15 m, South
(c) 25 m, North (d) 30 m, West

29. Kunal walks 10 km towards North. From there he walks 6 km
towards South. Then, he walks 3 km towards his left. How far and in
which direction is he with reference to his starting point?
(a) 5 km, West
(b) 7 km, West
(c) 6 km, East
(d) 5 km, North-East

•30. The post office is 5 km to the East of my school while my house is 10
km to the South of my school. The market is to the North of the post
office. If the distance of the market from the post-office is half the
distance of my house from the school, in which direction and how far is
the market from the school?
(a) North, 5 km
(b) East, 6 km
(c) North-East, km
(d) South-West, km

End of Session - 3

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REASONING

(When minute hand is leading the hour hand)

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(d) None of these

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© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(a) 10.50 a.m.

(b) 10.48 a.m.

(c) 10.40 a.m.

(d) 10.53 a.m.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(d) None of these

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(a) 14 min past 8

(b) min past 8

(c) min past 8

(d) min past 8

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(a) Tuesday 10.24 a.m.

(b) Wednesday 9.16 p.m.

(c) Tuesday 10.24 p.m.

(d) Wednesday 9.16 a.m.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(d) None of these

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© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(a) 1:40:48 p.m.

(b) 1:40:28 p.m.

(c) 1:40:46 p.m.

(d) 1:40:26 p.m.

© 2016 SMART Training Resources Pvt. Ltd.

(a) 48 min past 12

(b) 48 min past 11

(c) 45 min past 12

(d) 45 min past 11

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• However, centuries which are divisible by 400 are leap

• First day of a century must be Monday, Tuesday, Thursday or

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(a) 211 days

(b) 212 days

(c) 214 days

(d) 215 days

12. What was last day of the year D?

13. What is 151th day of year B?

14. What is the first day of the year C?

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I. North (N), East (E), South (S) and West (W)

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2. If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on.

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