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    Prof. Mrinal K. Sen, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad Dr. M.J.Nandan, Sr. Scientist

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    Sharad Musale
    This document discusses the importance of conserving and managing urban lakes in Hyderabad. It provides background on the Saraswati civilization and its connection to water. It then discusses how lakes are vital for drinking water, habitat, recreation, and other functions. It notes that Hyderabad originally had over 500 lakes but now only has around 170. It outlines some key lakes and efforts by HMDA to protect priority lakes through activities like establishing green belts, removing encroachments, and diverting sewage. Major threats to lakes are identified as increased population, climate change, deforestation, and pollution from various sources. The trophic status and degradation of lakes due to human activities is also summarized.

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    Prof. Mrinal K. Sen, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad Dr. M.J.Nandan, Sr. Scientist

    Uploaded by

    Sharad Musale
    87 views27 pages
    This document discusses the importance of conserving and managing urban lakes in Hyderabad. It provides background on the Saraswati civilization and its connection to water. It then discusses how lakes are vital for drinking water, habitat, recreation, and other functions. It notes that Hyderabad originally had over 500 lakes but now only has around 170. It outlines some key lakes and efforts by HMDA to protect priority lakes through activities like establishing green belts, removing encroachments, and diverting sewage. Major threats to lakes are identified as increased population, climate change, deforestation, and pollution from various sources. The trophic status and degradation of lakes due to human activities is also summarized.

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    drainage

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    Drainage lakes

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    This document discusses the importance of conserving and managing urban lakes in Hyderabad. It provides background on the Saraswati civilization and its connection to water. It then discusses how lakes are vital for drinking water, habitat, recreation, and other functions. It notes that Hyderabad originally had over 500 lakes but now only has around 170. It outlines some key lakes and efforts by HMDA to protect priority lakes through activities like establishing green belts, removing encroachments, and diverting sewage. Major threats to lakes are identified as increased population, climate change, deforestation, and pollution from various sources. The trophic status and degradation of lakes due to human activities is also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views27 pages

    Prof. Mrinal K. Sen, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad Dr. M.J.Nandan, Sr. Scientist

    Uploaded by

    Sharad Musale
    This document discusses the importance of conserving and managing urban lakes in Hyderabad. It provides background on the Saraswati civilization and its connection to water. It then discusses how lakes are vital for drinking water, habitat, recreation, and other functions. It notes that Hyderabad originally had over 500 lakes but now only has around 170. It outlines some key lakes and efforts by HMDA to protect priority lakes through activities like establishing green belts, removing encroachments, and diverting sewage. Major threats to lakes are identified as increased population, climate change, deforestation, and pollution from various sources. The trophic status and degradation of lakes due to human activities is also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    Conservation and Management

    of Urban Lakes in Hyderabad

    Prof. Mrinal K. Sen, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad


    Dr. M.J.Nandan, Sr. Scientist

    SOUL Annual Day June 23, 2012


    Water and Civilization

    Saraswati Civilization

    The roots of Bharatiya culture are to be found


    on the banks of River Sarasvati
    Saraswati River, adored in Indian Civilization
    from the days of the Rigveda, is not a myth but
    a reality, not a legend but ground-truth
    On the banks of River Saraswati was nurtured a
    civilization, attested by over 2,000
    archaeological sites on the river basin, making it
    appropriate, as suggested by many
    archaeologists, to name it as Saraswati
    Civilization, instead of Indus Valley or Harappan
    Civilization

    We need to protect our water resources to protect our civilizations


    WHY LAKES ARE IMPORTANT ?

    All human and other life of the earth depends on less than
    1 % of the total quantity of water on this planet

    Lakes are mainly used for :

    Drinking water, transportation, irrigation, fishing, recreation, habitat


    Lakes of Hyderabad

    Hyderabad city occupies one of the top positions in the country in terms of Urban Lakes
    At the turn of 20th centaury number of lakes was 532 which was reduced to 400 at the time of
    independence and today 170 water bodies with > 10 hectors (25 acres)
    Important Functions of Hyderabad Lakes
    Drinking Water
    Habitat
    Aesthetic Value
    Recreation
    Flood Control
    Groundwater Recharge
    Natural Filters
    Climate
    STATUS OF HYDERABAD LAKES

    Drinking Water Conservation Lost Forever


    • Osmansagar • Hussainsagar • Mir Jumla Tank
    • Himayatsagar • Sarrornagar lake • Ma Sahab Tank
    • Mir Alam Tank • Batkamma Kunta
    • Durgam Cheruvu
    • Nadimi Cheruvu
    • Banjara Tank
    • Shamirpet lake
    • Pedda Cheruvu
    • Mysamma Cheruvu
    • Kapra Cheruvu
    • Patel Cheruvu
    • Nalla Cheruvu
    • R.K.Puram Cheruvu
    • Yellamma Cheruvu
    • Amber Cheruvu
    • Banda Cheruvu
    HMDA Lake Protection Committee

    Priority-I : Development of Green Belt


    Osman Sagar
    Himayath Sagar
    Hussain Sagar.
    Priority-II : Demarcation of boundary & removal of encroachments
    Durgam Cheruvu
    Banda Cheruvu (Malkajgiri)
    Thammadi Kunta (Madhapur)
    Amber Cheruvu (Kukatpally)
    Hasmathpet Cheruvu (Kukatpally)
    Yellamma Cheruvu (Serilingampally)
    Bhagarathi Cheruvu (Serilingampally)
    Mysamma Cheruvu (Serilingampally)
    Pedda Cheruvu (Ramanthapur) Encroachments pose a threat to
    Bandlacheruvu lake at Neredmet
    Kapra Cheruvu (Kapra)

    Priority-III: Diversion of excess Sewerage in-flow/ construction of STPs


    Banjara Lake
    R.K.Puram Cheruvu (Malkajgiri)
    Patel Cheruvu (Nacharam)
    Pedda Cheruvu (Nacharam)
    Nalla Cheruvu (Uppal)
    Mir Alam Tank (Rajendra Nagar)
    Satam Cheruvu (MCH area)
    Nalla Cheruvu (Moosapet)
    Why these Lakes are Dying?

    Increasing Population
    Census %± Climate changes
    1971 1,796,000 —
    1981 2,546,000 41.8% Deforestation
    1991 3,059,262 20.2%
    2001 3,637,483 18.9% Encroachment
    2011 6,809,970 87.2%
    Shortage in rainfall
    Pollution (Point & Non Point)
    Major Sources of Lake Pollution
    NONPOINT SOURCES

    Rural Areas

    Urban Areas Agriculture

    Animal feedlot

    Suburban POINT SOURCES


    development Industries

    Wastewater
    treatment plant

    Nonpoint source pollution generally results from land runoff, precipitation, atmospheric deposition, drainage, seepage or
    hydrologic modification.
    Point source means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch,
    channel, tunnel, conduit, well, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from
    which pollutants are or may be discharged.
    Process of Degradation
    The amount of inflow (water, sediments,
    Particulate and disilloved organics) is the
    main load for the lake and Residence time
    Is the average age of the load and flushing
    Rate is the process required to exchange
    the nutrient rich water with fresh water .

    Higher Residence Time + Lower Flushing


    Rates = Lake Degradation

    Trophic status is the degree of biological


    production within a lake to understand its
    pollution status. Oligotrophic lakes contain poor
    level of nutrients and less polluted. Mesotrophic
    lakes contain medium level of nutrients and are in
    the process of degradation. Eutrophic lakes are
    highly polluted and needs restoration and
    conservation.
    Lake Trophic Status
    Oligotrophic
    Low productivity,
    clear water, life more
    sparse

    Eutrophic
    High productivity,
    murkier water, but
    more life

    Most lakes in & around Hyderabad City have already reached the eutrophic status due to
    human activities; such lakes are not of much value to humans and therefore are in urgent
    need of resurrection.
    B How It Effects the Environment
    I
    O Toxic chemicals
    M and heavy
    A metals flow into
    the lakes enters Water
    G the food chain 0.000002 ppm
    N of plants and
    animals and its Aquatic Birds
    I 124 ppm
    concentrations Phytoplankton
    F increases upto 0.0025 ppm
    I maximum 6.2
    C crores which is
    more
    A dangerous for Aquatic Bird Eggs
    T life and 124 ppm

    I environment.

    O Zooplankton Big Fish/Carps


    0.123 ppm 4.83 ppm
    N 6.2 CRORE TIMES

    Small Fish
    1.04 ppm
    Lakes and Impact on
    City Temperature

    Temperature profile in various directions.


    X axis – Movement along the
    transacts from the Bangalore city centre,
    Y axis - Temperature (°C).

    Ecological Approach for Mitigation of Urban Flood Risks


    T.V. Ramachandra, Uttam Kumar and Bharath H. Aithal, 2012
    Lake Conservation Projects Approved Under the NLCP ( June 2010)
    350 14

    300 12

    250 10

    200 8

    150 6

    100 4

    50 2

    0 0

    Sanctioned Cost No of Lakes Conservation and Management of Lakes


    An Indian Perspective
    Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2010

    Sanctioned Cost : Rs. 4.30 Crores Lakes Covered : 1


    NGRI` s R&D Programs for the
    Management of Hyderabad Lakes
    Hyderbad Urban Development Authority (HUDA)
    1. Lake Water Budget of Durgamcheruvu and Groundwater & Surface Water
    Conditions in the Durgamcheruvu Watershed
    2. Lake Water Budget of Mir-Alam-Tank and Groundwater & Surface Water
    Quality in the Mir-Alam-Tank Watershed
    3. Assessment of Lake Water Interaction with Groundwater and Water Quality
    around Patelcheruvu, Peddacheruvu & Nallacheruvu Lakes (North East Musi
    Basin)
    4. Ecology of Osmansagar & Himayatsagar Lakes study, Hyderabad, A.P.

    NGRI In-house Project (2007-12)


    Groundwater Quality Limnological Investigations on Hussainsagar Lake

    Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA)


    Member – Lake Protection Committee
    Remote Sensing Studies of
    Predicted Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Himayatsagar and Osmansagr Reservoirs
    status from Mir Alam Tank (50 Years)

    Permeability distribution in m/day in the


    WQ Monitoring Studies by NGRI Staff Catchment area of Osmansagar Lake
    at Mir Alam Tank
    Hussainsagar Lake

    1. Urban Hydrology
    2. Surface & Groundwater Quality
    3. Toxic Metals
    4. Sediments
    5. Groundwater Flow and Mass
    Transport Modeling
    6. Pollution & Management
    Digital Elevation Model of Hussainsagar catchment, Andhra Pradesh

    Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport


    Modelling in Hussainsagar Catchment
    Lakes Studied : RK Puram Cheruvu, Nadimi Cheruvu, Bandla Cheruvu,
    Patel Cheruvu, Pedda Cheruvu, Nalla Cheruvu, Durgam Cheruvu, Mir Alam Tank
    Ecology of Osmansagar & Himayatsagar Lakes study, Hyderabad, A.P.

    Catchment areas of Osmansagar & Himayatsagar Lakes


    Ranga Reddy District, A.P.

    Hydrology, Ecology and Water quality Studies


    Fundamental Duties Enshrined in the Constitution of India

    Article 51A-It Shall be the duty of every citizens of India


     
    1. to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the
    National Flag and the National Anthem;
    2. to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle
    for freedom;
    3. to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
    4. to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do
    so;
    5. to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all
    the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or
    sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of
    women;
    6. to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
    7. to protect and improve the natural environment including
    forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for
    living creatures;
    8. to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and
    reform;
    9. to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
    10. to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective
    activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour
    and achievement
    Some Immediate Steps……
     Distribution of Lakes in and around Hyderbad City
    (Minor, Small, Medium, Large, Very Large) HMDA
    NGRI
     Understand the value and functions IIIT
    NRSC
     Pollution problems (lake level and basin level)

     Trophic Status
    EPTRI
     Prioritization for Conservation and Management NGRI
    HMDA
     Finding out suitable management and restoration techniques
    NGO`s
     Stake Holders or Citizen`s Participation Citizen
    Forums
     Implementation of Management Programs
    Restoration & Conservation of Dying Lakes
     Clearly demarcate the lake margin & stabilize
    by suitable vegetal cover
     Check the process of eutrophication
     De silting of lakes
     Regulate the use of insecticides/pesticides in
    the catchment areas to check lake pollution
    from agriculture run off
     Ban agricultural practice in the lake basin
    sewage must be diverted away from the lakes
     Continuous Monitoring for WQ studies
    Few Questions About the Urban Lakes ???

    Who owns the waterbody?


    How many waterbodies are there ?
    Which Waterbodies should be protected?
    What is the no-construction zone around the waterbody?
    Will the catchment and channels feeding the waterbodies
    be protected?
    Who will maintain the waterbody?
    Multiplicity of Departments
    Conflict of Interests & No Accountability
    Multiplicity of Policies & Laws
    No Unified, Holistic Policy & Legal Framework

    Lake Protection Society, 2011, Udaipur


    An Independent Agency for Lakes ? ? ?

    LDA
    Lake Development Authority

    Madhya Pradesh, Chilka, J&K, Karnakata, Uttarakhand

    To work solely for the regeneration and


    Conservation of lakes in and around Hyderabad City within HMDA jurisdiction
    and also for other lakes of Andhra Pradesh
    Thanks

    Himayatsagar

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