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    Advanced Oxidation Processes

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    HARI PRASATH
    Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) use highly reactive hydroxyl radicals produced by processes like UV/O3, UV/H2O2, and O3/H2O2 to completely break down pollutants into simpler compounds like CO2 and water. AOPs can treat wastewater that is not easily biodegraded and are used as pre-treatments to make pollutants more biodegradable. The hydroxyl radicals generated by these processes can mineralize or defuse a wide range of organic pollutants.

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    Advanced Oxidation Processes

    Uploaded by

    HARI PRASATH
    58 views29 pages
    Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) use highly reactive hydroxyl radicals produced by processes like UV/O3, UV/H2O2, and O3/H2O2 to completely break down pollutants into simpler compounds like CO2 and water. AOPs can treat wastewater that is not easily biodegraded and are used as pre-treatments to make pollutants more biodegradable. The hydroxyl radicals generated by these processes can mineralize or defuse a wide range of organic pollutants.

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    AOP

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    Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) use highly reactive hydroxyl radicals produced by processes like UV/O3, UV/H2O2, and O3/H2O2 to completely break down pollutants into simpler compounds like CO2 and water. AOPs can treat wastewater that is not easily biodegraded and are used as pre-treatments to make pollutants more biodegradable. The hydroxyl radicals generated by these processes can mineralize or defuse a wide range of organic pollutants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views29 pages

    Advanced Oxidation Processes

    Uploaded by

    HARI PRASATH
    Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) use highly reactive hydroxyl radicals produced by processes like UV/O3, UV/H2O2, and O3/H2O2 to completely break down pollutants into simpler compounds like CO2 and water. AOPs can treat wastewater that is not easily biodegraded and are used as pre-treatments to make pollutants more biodegradable. The hydroxyl radicals generated by these processes can mineralize or defuse a wide range of organic pollutants.

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    ADVANCED OXIDATION

    PROCESSES
    • Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are
    used to treat wastewater having components
    with high chemical stability and or low
    biodegradability and targets the complete
    mineralization of pollutants to CO2, water and
    inorganic compounds or at least their
    transformation into more innocuous products.
    • At times, AOPs are used as pre-treatments to
    biological processes, as the partial
    decomposition of non –biodegradable organic
    pollutants can lead to biodegradable
    intermediates.
    • The AOPs essentially target oxidation through
    highly reactive OH radicals, which could be
    produced using different reagent systems,
    which include photochemical degradation
    processes ( UV/O3, UV/H2O2), Photocatalysis
    (TiO2/ UV, Photo-Fenton reactives) and
    chemical oxidation processes (O3, O3/H2O2,
    H2O2/Fe2+)
    ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES
    ADVANTAGES OF AOPs
    • Destroys toxic organic compounds without
    pollution transfer to another phase.
    • Very efficient to treat almost all organic
    pollutants and remove some toxic metals.
    • Works also for water disinfection.
    • Cheap to install.
    • Adaptable to small scales in developing
    countries.
    DEGRADATION
    • PRIMARY DEGRADATION:
    A Structural change in parent compound.
    • ACCEPTABLE DEGRADATION (DEFUSING):
    A Structural change in parent compound to the extent
    that toxicity is reduced.
    • ULTIMATE DEGRADATION (MINERALIZATION):
    Conversion of organic carbon to inorganic CO2
    • UNACCEPTABLE DEGRADATION (FUSING):
    A Structural change in parent compound resulting in
    increased toxicity
    OXIDIZING POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS
    OXIDIZING AGENTS
    OZONE BASED PROCESSES
    • Ozone at elevated pH (8 to 10)
    • Ozone + UV254
    • Ozone + H2O2
    • Ozone + UV254 + H2O2
    • Ozone + TiO2
    • Ozone + TiO2 + H2O2
    • Ozone + Electron beam irradiation
    • Ozone + Ultrasonics
    NON OZONE BASED PROCESS
    • H2O2 + UV
    • H2O2 + UV + Ferrous salts
    • Electron beam irradiation
    • Electrohydraulic cavitation
    • Ultra sonic
    • Non thermal plasmas
    • Pulse corona discharges
    • Photocatalysis
    • Gamma radiolysis
    • Catalytic oxidation
    • Super critical water oxidation
    OZONE/UV
    • Production of the free radical HO* with UV
    light can be illustrated by the following
    reactions for the photolysis of ozone.
    O3 – Ozone
    UV – Ultraviolet radiation
    O2 – Oxygen
    O(1D) – Excited oxygen atom. The symbol (1D) is a
    spectroscopic notation used to specify the atomic
    and molecular configuration (single oxygen)
    HO*- Hydroxyl radical . The dot (*) that appears next
    to the hydroxyls and other radicals is used to denote
    the fact that the species have an unpaired electron.
    • The photolysis of ozone in wet air results in
    the formation of hydroxyl radicals.
    • In water, the photolysis of ozone leads to the
    formation of hydrogen peroxide.
    • Because the photolysis of ozone in water leads
    to the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
    • Which is subsequently photolyzed to form
    hydroxyl radicals.
    ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS INVOLVING
    THE USE OF OZONE AND UV RADIATION
    • In air, the ozone / UV process can degrade
    compounds through direct ozonation ,
    photolysis or reaction with the hydroxyl
    radical.
    • The Ozone/ UV process is more effective when
    the compounds of interest can be degraded
    through the adsorption of the UV irradiation as
    well as through the reaction with the hydroxyl
    radicals.
    OZONE/ HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
    • For the compound that do not adsorb UV.
    • AOPs involving Ozone/H2O2 may be more
    effective.
    • Compounds in water such as trichloroethylene
    (TES) and perchloroethylene (PCE) have
    reduced significantly with AOPs using Ozone
    and hydrogen peroxide to generate HO*
    • The overall reaction for the production of
    hydroxyl radicals using hydrogen peroxide and
    Ozone is as follows:
    ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS INVOLVING
    THE USE OF OZONE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
    HYDROGEN PEROXIDE /UV
    • Hydroxyl radicals are formed when water
    containing H2O2 is exposed to UV light (200 to
    280nm)
    • In some cases the use of hydrogen peroxide /
    UV process has not been feasible because
    H2O2 has a small molar extinction coefficient,
    requiring high concentrations of H2O2 and not
    using the UV energy efficiently.
    ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS INVOLVING
    THE USE OF UV AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
    • The hydrogen peroxide / UV process has been
    applied to the oxidation of trace constituents
    found in treated water.

    • The process has been studied for the removal


    of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA
    • At the relatively low concentration range of
    these compound in treated water, their
    oxidation appears to follow first order kinetics.

    • The Electrical energy required for their


    oxidation is expressed in EE/O unit
    • EE/O unit is defined as the electrical energy
    input per unit volume per log order of
    reduction
    • EE/O = EEi / V[log (Ci /Cf )]

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