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Biosafety and Bioethics of Biotechnology ABS-832: DR Attya Bhatti Assistant Professor Head of Department Asab-Nust

This document outlines the course contents for a biosafety and bioethics course. It includes recommended textbooks on topics such as biosafety principles, biological safety practices, and the scientific and ethical issues of biotechnology. The course will involve student presentations, class quizzes, and a final exam. Marks will be distributed based on sessional exams, assignments, quizzes, attendance, and the final exam. The document provides background information on biosafety, including definitions of key terms, examples of disease outbreaks in research labs illustrating the need for biosafety practices, and various biohazardous materials.

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Voltha Herry
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524 views25 pages

Biosafety and Bioethics of Biotechnology ABS-832: DR Attya Bhatti Assistant Professor Head of Department Asab-Nust

This document outlines the course contents for a biosafety and bioethics course. It includes recommended textbooks on topics such as biosafety principles, biological safety practices, and the scientific and ethical issues of biotechnology. The course will involve student presentations, class quizzes, and a final exam. Marks will be distributed based on sessional exams, assignments, quizzes, attendance, and the final exam. The document provides background information on biosafety, including definitions of key terms, examples of disease outbreaks in research labs illustrating the need for biosafety practices, and various biohazardous materials.

Uploaded by

Voltha Herry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biosafety and Bioethics of

Biotechnology
ABS-832

Dr Attya Bhatti
Assistant Professor
Head of Department
ASAB-NUST
Course Contents
Recommended Books
 Bioethics and Biosafety by M. K. Sateesh
 Bioethics and Biosafety in Biotechnology by V. Sree Krishna
(Online available)
 Toward a More Natural Science: Biology and Human Affairs by Kass, Leon
 Cutting-Edge Bioethics by Kilner, John. Eerdmans

 Biological Safety: Principles And Practices (Biological Safety: Principles &


Practices) by Diane O., Diane O., Ph.D. Fleming and Ph.D. Fleming

 Biotechnology, Biosafety, and Biodiversity: Scientific and Ethical Issues


for Sustainable Development by Sivramiah Shantharam, Jane F.
Montgomery and Satellite Symposium on Biotechnology and Biodiversity
Assignments: Every Student will present Assignment/seminar

Quiz: Class Quizzes will held after 2-3 lectures

Total Credits: 3(3-0)

Class Timing: (11 30 hrs – 1300hrs)


Tuesday
Thursday
Marks Distribution

Ist sessional Exam = 15%

2nd sessional Exam = 15%

Assignments= 5-10%

Quiz= 8%

Class attendance= 1%

Final Exam= 50%


Biosafety
 Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological
integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health.
 The maintenance of safe conditions in biological research to
prevent harm to workers, non-laboratory organisms, or the
environment.

A fundamental objective of any biosafety program is the containment of


potentially harmful biological agents.

The term “containment” is used in describing safe methods, facilities and


equipment for managing infectious materials in the laboratory environment
where they are being handled or maintained.
Technical Definitions
• Biohazard: An agent of biological origin that has the capacity
to produce deleterious effects on humans, i.e.
microorganisms, toxins and allergens derived from those
organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from higher
plants and animals.

• Biosafety: The containment principles, technologies and


practices that are implemented to prevent the unintentional
exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release.

• Biosecurity: Control of accidental and deliberate release of


biohazardous material
Why we need Biosafety
Some unfortunate examples of disease outbreaks in research labs:
1950‐1976:
•A survey of 5000 labs showed 3921 cases of disease outbreaks
•Most commonly reported were: Hepatitis, tuberculosis, typhoid, brucellosis,
rabbit fever
2003-2014:
•SARS infects researchers in a lab in Singapore
•A US and a russian scientist are infected by Ebola. One survives, one dies.
•Polio virus escapes from two idian labs
•Scientists from Boston University contract rabbit fever (a serious bacterial
disease)
•Anthrax exposure in a Huston lab due to aerosols leaked inside an
unshielded
Centrifuge
•Dengue
•Ebola
Support medical and scientific research on microbes and the
human immune response to them.
Apply such research to the discovery and development of
vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic tests designed to protect the
general population
Ensure that the every has sufficient research facilities to
carry out these activities.
Biosafety in Various Disciplines

Biosafety is related to several fields

• ECOLOGY
• AGRICULTURE
• MEDICINE
• CHEMISTRY
• EXOBIOLOGY
Biosafety in Academic Research
Research Universities:
• Promoting safe laboratory
practices,
• Procedures; proper use of
containment equipment and
facilities;
• Provides advice on laboratory
design and risk assesment of
experiments involving infectious
agents, rDNA in-vitro and in-
vivo.

Bottom Line: Risk & Containment


Biohazard Symbol
• In 1966, Charles
Baldwin at National
Cancer Institute at
NIH.
• Symbol to be
memorable but
meaningless” so it
could be learned.
• Blaze orange – most
visible under harsh
conditions
Biosafety Issues

• Laboratory Safety
• Bloodborne pathogens (BBP)
• Recombinant DNA (rDNA)
• Biological waste disposal
• Infectious substance and
diagnostic specimen shipping
Biosafety Issues

• Respiratory Protection
• Bioterrorism and Select agents
• outdoor and indoor air quality
• Occupational safety and health in the use
of research animals
• Biohazards used in animal models
Biohazardous Materials
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Chlamydiae/Rickettsiae
• Prions
• Recombinant DNA
Types of pathogens
Bacteria
– Size: 0.3 to 2 μm
– Single‐celled organisms
– Various morphologies
– Examples: Salmonella spp., E.
coli, Vibrio spp. (Cholera),
Mycobacterium (Tuberculosis)
Virus
– Size: 18‐200 nm
– Basic structure: capsid (protein) +
nucleic acid
– Obligate parasites
– Enveloped vs. non‐enveloped
– Examples: Hepatitis, polio, HIV
Protozoa
– Size: 5‐10 μm
– Single‐celled eukaryotes
– Numerous morphologies
– Examples: Cryptosporidium spp., Plasmodium
spp. (Malaria), Giardia spp.
Helminths
• – Size: 20‐100 μm
• – Multi‐cellular eukaryotes
• – For transmission mainly concerned with
eggs
Biohazardous Materials
• Transgenic Plants, Animals and Insects

           
  
           
 
       
Biohazardous Materials

• Human and Primate Cells, Tissues, and


Body Fluids
• Brain Tissue from Demented Patients
• Viral Vectors
– Replication deficient viruses
Biosafety Concepts
Biosafety In Microbiological
and Biomedical Laboratories
“BMBL” (acronym)

CDC/NIH Publication
Safety “Guidelines”
Regulations of Institution receives
NIH funding
Code of Practice and “Gold”
Standard in Industry
Gold Standard
HHS Publication No. (CDC) 93-8395

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