LESSON 3 The Variables

LESSON 3: SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION:
VARIABLES
BY: MARY JANE COMIA PALOMARES
At the end of this power point
presentation you will be able to:
•Identify the independent,
dependent, and controlled
variable.
What is a variable?
•VARIABLES are an important part of science
projects and experiments. Basically, a variable is any
factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an
experiment. Scientific experiments have several types of
variables.
TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: PERFORM
AN EXPERIMENT
 Scientists investigate the natural world through
experiments and observations.
 An experiment is designed organized procedure to

study something under controlled conditions.
 It is used to test the validity of a hypothesis or

a set up to observe how some things .
THREE TYPES OF VARIABLES
• A VARIABLE a variable (quantity that is changed during the experiment or
being measured).
• It refers to any factor that can change in a scientific investigation.
n t
de Co
e n l Dependent
d
p
e or en t a
Variable Va ntro
In im ble ria lle
r
e ia ble d
x p ar
E V
THREE TYPES OF VARIABLES
• AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the factor that is the factor that

is tested and deliberately manipulated.
• A DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the factor measured to determine

the outcome of the experiment. An experiment can have more
than one dependent variable.
• A CONTROLLED VARIABLE stays the same throughout the

experiment and is not manipulated at all.
LET’S EXPLORE FURTHER WITH EXAMPLES!
• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The independent variable is the one condition that you change in an experiment.
Example: in an experiment measuring the effect of temperature on solubility, the independent variable is
temperature.
• DEPENDENT VARIABLE: The dependent variable is the variable that you measure or observe. The dependent
variable gets its name because it is the factor that is dependent on the state of the independent variable.
Example: in the experiment measuring the effect of temperature on solubility, solubility would be the dependent
variable.
• CONTROLLED VARIABLE: A controlled variable or constant variable is a variable that does not change during
an experiment.
Example: in the experiment measuring the effect of temperature on solubility, controlled variable could include the
source of water used in the experiment, the size and type of containers used to mix chemicals, and the amount of
mixing time allowed for each solution.
TAKE NOTE!
SEE THE DIFFERENCES!
LET’S TRY THIS!
• SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS:
If I change the amount of water a plant receives, the height of the
plant will change. Determine the independent and dependent variables.
• INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the water (because we are changing it)
• DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the height of the plant(because it is
affected by the water)
WHAT IS CONTROLLED VARIABLE?
The control group has the same set up as the experimental group except that
the independent variable being tested is not applied.
LET’S ANALYZE!
• An experiment is designed to determine how the duration of daylight exposure
in a 24-hour period affects the flowering of rose plants.
Independent Dependent Control

Variable Variable variable
• The different • The particular • The equal
durations of length of time intensity of
daylight at it will take for the daylight
which the to which all
experimental experimental the plants are
groups of groups of exposed.
rose plants rose plants to
are exposed. flower.
INDEPENDENT VS DEPENDENT VARIABLE
KEY TAKEAWAYS
 The independent and dependent variables are the two key
variables in a science experiment.
 The independent variable is the one the experimenter
controls. The dependent variable is the variable that changes
in response to the independent variable.
 The two variables may be related by cause and effect. If the
independent variable changes, then the dependent variable is
affected.
THE DRY MIX ACRONYM
• D Is the dependent variable
R Is the responding variable
Y Is the axis on which the dependent or responding variable is graphed (the vertical axis)
• M Is the manipulated variable or the one that is changed in an experiment
I Is the independent variable
X Is the axis on which the independent or manipulated variable is graphed (the
horizontal axis)
GOOD JOB! YOU’VE MADE IT! NOW YOU CAN
START PERFORMING AN EXPERIMENT ON
YOUR OWN KNOWING THOSE THREE TYPES
OF VARIABLES!

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LESSON 3: SCIENTIFIC

 An experiment is designed organized procedure to

 It is used to test the validity of a hypothesis or

• It refers to any factor that can change in a scientific investigation.

• AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the factor that is the factor that

• A DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the factor measured to determine

• A CONTROLLED VARIABLE stays the same throughout the

Independent Dependent Control

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