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L1 Interlocking

Interlocking mechanisms ensure the safe operation of electrical equipment by preventing hazardous operating sequences. They can be installed mechanically or electrically. Key interlocking relationships include: isolators, earthing switches, and circuit breakers must open and close in a defined sequence for de-energizing lines; high and low tension breakers of power transformers must open and close together to prevent backflow; and neutral breakers must open after or close before associated high/low tension breakers to properly manage fault currents. Together, interlocks help protect operating personnel and ensure the coordinated functioning of electrical distribution components.

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Belal Islam
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198 views

L1 Interlocking

Interlocking mechanisms ensure the safe operation of electrical equipment by preventing hazardous operating sequences. They can be installed mechanically or electrically. Key interlocking relationships include: isolators, earthing switches, and circuit breakers must open and close in a defined sequence for de-energizing lines; high and low tension breakers of power transformers must open and close together to prevent backflow; and neutral breakers must open after or close before associated high/low tension breakers to properly manage fault currents. Together, interlocks help protect operating personnel and ensure the coordinated functioning of electrical distribution components.

Uploaded by

Belal Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interlocking

Mechanism

1
Interlocking Mechanism
 What is Interlocking?
 Interlocking between Isolator, Earthing Switch
 and a Circuit Breaker
 Interlocking between High Tension (HT) and
Low Tension (LT) side breakers of a Power
Transformer
 Interlocking between High Tension (HT)/ Low
Tension (LT) breakers and the Neutral
Breaker of a Power Transformer

2
What is Interlocking?
 Interlocking means interdependency between different
elements of a system in a definite sequence.
 In order to protect against execution of the operations in
improper sequences or, in order to protect against improper
maneuvering by the operating personnel , Mechanical or,
Electrical interlocks are included in the mechanisms or, in
the control circuit of electrical apparatus.
 In the form of mechanical means or, in the form of electrical control
mechanism
 Can be installed in the functional unit itself or, between functional
units and the equipment

3
Interlocking between Isolator, CB and
Earthing Switch
 What is an Isolator?
 It is a no load break switch which isolates or, disconnects an
electrical equipment from the supply system and when the
power is absent
 To ensure 100% power interruption
 Less breaking capacity than CB
 What is Earthling Switch (ES)?
 It is used to drain the trapped charges in the line after the
disconnection of CB and isolator
 Charges will be drained to earth by this switch to ensure 100%
safety to the operating personnel
 What is a CB?- It is a Load Break switch as it has Arc
quenching technique in built. 4
Interlocking Sequence between Isolator, CB
and Earthing Switch
 When de-energizing a Line(repair or, maintenance work)
We can not open the Circuit Breaker and will start working.
Why?- There will be potential at either end of the Circuit Breaker. We cannot take risk as it might happen that
while we are working someone may close the Breaker and people working there on the Circuit Breaker may
harmed. Therefore we will open the Circuit Breaker and then will open the Isolators on the both side
of the Circuit Breaker.

We opened the CB and then isolator, should we work now? No. Because of the static charge on the line, there
will be dangerously high voltage on the line between the two isolators on the both sides of CB. So we need to
discharge the static charge to ground. For this purpose, Earth Switch is provided. Therefore, once we have

opened the Isolators we shall close the Earth Switch first and then start working.
What to follow?  When Re-energizing
During De-energizing the Line or, when the
Maintenance work is over
 1. CB is opened
 1. Earthing switch
 2. Isolator is opened is opened
 3. Earthing Switch is  2. Isolator is
 closed closed
5
 3. CB is closed
Interlocking Sequence between HT and LT
Breakers
 Main purpose is to ensure that
no back flow occurs from LT to
HT side
 Interlocking Rule
 1. If both CBs are closed, if A is
opened due to some reason, B
automatically opens (i.e. if B is in
closed position, A can not be in open
position)
 2. If both CBs are closed and if B is
opened, A can be either open/close
 3. If both the CBs are in open state,
first A should be closed then B
6
Interlocking Sequence between HT/ LT
Breakers and the Neutral Breaker
 Main goal to place the Neutral
Breaker in the circuit to ensure
proper safety as it limits fault
current, helps in proper
diagnosis of fault current etc.
 Interlocking Rules
 Rule 1. If the Neutral Breaker
and the HT/LT Breakers are
closed, open HT/ LT breakers
first, then Neutral Breaker
 Rule 2. If both are in open
state, close Neutral Breaker
first, then HT/LT Breakers

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