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CVVC Complex Integration

Cauchy's integral theorem states that the integral of an analytic function over a closed curve is equal to zero. The document provides examples of using Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate line integrals of various functions over circles. Key steps include rewriting the integrand in terms of simpler functions, identifying any poles inside the contour, and applying the formula.

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S Adilakshmi
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239 views21 pages

CVVC Complex Integration

Cauchy's integral theorem states that the integral of an analytic function over a closed curve is equal to zero. The document provides examples of using Cauchy's integral formula to evaluate line integrals of various functions over circles. Key steps include rewriting the integrand in terms of simpler functions, identifying any poles inside the contour, and applying the formula.

Uploaded by

S Adilakshmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cauchy’s

Cauchy’s Integral
Integral Theorem
Theorem
Cauchy’s integral formula: simple closed curve
C, f(z) analytic on and inside C.
5z  7
Evaluate
C z 2  2 z  3 dz
where C is the circle |z – 2| = 2.
Solution

5z  7 3 2
 
z  2z  3 z  1 z  3
2

5z  7 dz dz
C z 2  2 z  3 d z  3 C z  1  2 C z  3
Since z = 1 is interior to C and z = −3 is exterior to C, we have

5z  7
C z 2  2 z  3 d z  3(2 i)  2(0)  6 i
dz
Evaluate
C z 2  1 where C is the circle |z| = 3.

Solution
1 1 / 2i 1 / 2i
 
z 1 z  i z  i
2

dz 1  1 1 
C z 2  1  2i C  z  i  z  i  dz
We now surround the points z = i and z = −i by circular contours C1 and
C2. See Figure we have
dz 1  1 1   1 1 
C

z  1 2i
2 
C1  z  i  z  i  d z  
C2  z  i  z  i  d z

1 dz 1 dz 1 dz 1 dz

2i C1 z  i  2i C1 z  i  2i C2 z  i  2i C2 z  i
dz dz
Since  i  2i, C2 z  ii  2i
C1 z  i

thus (7) becomes zero.


z2  4z  4
C z  i d z
Evaluate
where C is the circle |z| = 2.

Solution First f = z2 – 4z + 4 is analytic and z0 = −i is within C. Thus

z2  4z  4
C z  i d z  2 i f (i)  2 i(3  4i)  2 (4  3i)
z
Evaluate
C z 2  9 d z where C is the circle |z – 2i | = 4.

Solution

z
z z  3i

z 2  9 z  3i
z
Let f ( z )  , then
z  3i

z
z z  3i 3i
C z 2  9 d z  C z  3i d z  2 i f (3i)  2 i 6i   i
z 1
C z 4  4 z 3 d z
Evaluate
where C is the circle |z| = 1.

Solution
This integrand is not analytic at z = 0, −4 but only z = 0 lies within
C. Since
z 1 n! f ( z)
C ( z  z0 )n1 d z
(n)
f ( z0 ) 
z 1 z4 2 i
4 3
 3
z  4z z
We get z0 = 0, n = 2, f(z) = (z + 1)/(z + 4), f (z) = −6/(z + 4)3.
By Cauchy’s integral formula,

z 1 2 i 3
C z 4  4 z 3 d z  2! f (0)   32 i
f  z

1
f  z0  
 d z 4z  1
1 dz
I 2 2 i z  z0
C
C

1 1

4z2  1  2 z  1  2 z  1
1 1 1 
   
2  2z  1 2z  1 
1 1 1 
    z = 1/2 z = 1/2
4  z 1/ 2 z 1/ 2 
1
I  2 i  1  1
4
0
f  z
 d z  z  z 
n!
f
n
 z0   n 1
2 i 0
2 C

 d z  z  a 
sin z
I 4 C = CCW over circle centered at a.
C

sin 2 z
 d z  z  a 
3!
f  z   sin z
Let
2
f  3
 a 
2 i 4
C

f   z   2sin z cos z

f   z   2  cos2 z  sin 2 z 
f  3  z   8sin z cos z

2 i  3 8 i
I f  a   sin a cos a
3! 3

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