TECHNIQUE AND STYLE

IN PAINTING

HUMANITIES 100
(Art Appreciation)
Realism – an attempt to describe or to represent figures
and objects exactly as they appear in life.
-became famous in France in 19th century and was
popularized by Gustave Courbet.

-The Desperate Man by Gustave Courbet, 1844-1845, oil

painting,
Scenes of everyday life that mirrored life were the
subject of the Realist artists' paintings.
Abstraction – This used when the artist becomes
interested in one phase of a scene or a situation that he
does not show the subject at all as an object reality.
- It means “to move away or separate”
Abstraction subject could also be presented in many
ways… (Kinds of Abstraction)

Distortion – misshapen condition or the regular shape is

twisted out. Famous Artist : Henry Moore

Portrait of a Graceful Young Lady Woman with Two Mouths, lying on the
Couch
Elongation – it refers to that which is being
lengthened, a protraction or an extension.

Blue tonality -Distortion through

elongation
Impressionism – this is a movement in painting that
developed in the late 19th century in France, in
reaction against the formalism and sentimentality
that characterized the academic art of the time. The
impressionist movement is considered the beginning
of the modern period of art.
Edouard Manet is the first impressionist. The term
impressionist was first used by the journalist Leroy in
the Persian magazine Charivari.
Fauvism – This is a relatively short-lived movement in French
painting (from about 1898-1908). The Fauves rejected the
impressionist palette of soft, shimmering tones in favor of the violent
colors used Post-impressionists Paul Gauguin and Vincent Van Gogh.
- consisting of painters who used spontaneous bold colors to represent a
non-naturalistic reality. Fauvism is derived from the French word les
Fauves, meaning wild beast. Most of these works had rather
simplistic subject matter and were often abstract. It was most active
during the early 20th century, and was highly influenced by
pointillism and impressionism. Fauvism is believed to be one of
the beginning forms of the avant-garde. 

Well known Fauves:

Henry Matisse
Andre Derain
Georges Braque and Maurice de Vlaminck.
Well known Fauves; Henry Matisse, Andre Derain,
Georges Braque and Maurice de Vlaminck.

Henry Matisse - A well-known fauvism artist who used

bold color and simplistic forms to depict his subjects.

Andre Derain - A founder of Fauviusm, who embodied

the ideal color for color’s sake, as he painted city
landscapes and portraits.
The most famous painting from the
Fauvism movement, is probably
Matisse’s Green Stripe.
In this portrait of his wife, Matisse used
solid colors throughout, and depended
entirely upon the intensity of his colors
to create depth and shape.
Thick black lines and rough brush
strokes completed the image.
Although it isn’t necessarily a flattering
portrait, Matisse did exactly what he
intended to, creating a stylistic and
primitive painting that deliberately
celebrated the use of color.
For the Fauves, it really was all about
the color.
Expressionism – Artist in both France and Germany
shared an interest in the art of indigenous people. It is
a movement or tendency that strives to express
subjective feelings and emotions rather than to depict
reality or nature objectively. The movement
developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries
as a reaction against the academic standards that had
prevailed in Europe since the Renaissance (1300-1600),
particularly in French and German art academies.
Expressionism is art that is more associated with
emotion or feeling than with literal interpretation of a
subject. Expressionistic art uses vivid colors,
distortion, two-dimensional subjects that lack
perspective. It's created to express the emotions of the
artists as well as produce an emotional response of
the viewer.

 STARRY NIGHT by
 Vincent Van Gogh
Cubism – became the most influential of all 20th
century art styles, emphasizes the flatness of the
picture plane, or face and reject traditional
perspective, foreshortening, modeling and
chiaroscuro contrast of light and dark.

Is a form of abstraction. In this style, objects are first

reduced into cubes and flattened into two-
dimensional shapes. These are arranged in
overlapping planes. Pablo Picasso and George Braque
developed Cubism in Paris between 1907 and 1914.
The aim of Cubism was to distill the depiction of form
by showing several sides of an object simultaneously.
 2 Types of Cubism –

Analytical Cubism – which dates from 1910, the

artist took an analytical approach to subject-matter,
composed, in particular the cube or cone, or the basic
planes that overlie the objects’ geometric forms.
Synthetic Cubism – the artist created abstract
compositions juxtaposition (producing a synthesis) of
geometric shapes. Synthetic cubism, grew out of
experiments with collage.

Robert Delaunay, a French painter who was a pioneer

of abstract art in the early 20th century.
CUBISM
Futurism – This is the early 20th-century movement
in art that pointedly rejected all traditions and
attempted instead to glorify contemporary life, mainly
by emphasizing its two dominant themes, the
machine and motion. Futurism tries to show
movement and speed which the futurists considered
the essence of modern civilization.
 “the future as
seen
 from the past and
 past as seen from
 the future”
Constructivism – Russian art movement of the 20th
century that had an important influence on later
schools of art. Vladimir Tatlin founded
constructivism. Its name is derived from the
construction of abstract sculptures from
miscellaneous industrial materials, such as metal,
wire and pieces of plastic. Constructivism stood for
the ideals of abstraction, functionalism and
utilitarianism.

Vladimir Tatlin, the founder of constructivism.

Neo-Plasticism – This is a movement which was
dedicated to abstraction to its further limits and
aimed to create a universal response from all viewers
based on a quest for harmony and order.

 Holland, 1920 to 1940 – Neo-Plasticism is a
 Dutch movement founded (and named) by
 Piet Mondrian. It is a rigid form of Abstraction
 whose rules allow only for a canvas subjected
 into rectangles by horizontal and vertical
 lines, and colored using a very limited palette.

Neo-Plasticism was somewhat influential on Russian Constructivism .

Surrealism – is almost the antithesis of abstract art
because it tends to sacrifice plastic values in favor of
the symbolic power of the image.

Famous Surrealist artist

Morris Graves – known for his art work Little known

Bird of the Inner Eye and Preening Sparrow.

Peter Blum – famous for his work “The Eternal City”

Spirit Bird (morris graves, 1953)
Mountain Butterfly: (Privedentsev Gennady)
Symbolism – It refers, in one sense, to use of certain
pictorial convention pose, gesture, or repertoire of
attributes to express a latent allegorical meaning in a
work. Symbols to convey different meaning. Symbols
may be anything: objects, words, colors, or pattern;
their defining characteristics is they stand for
something other than intrinsic property. In human
history, symbols have been used to expressed ideas,
communicate meanings and convey emotions.

 Gauguin, a famous symbolist artist, he organized

the first symbolist exhibitions in 1889-1890 at the
Paris World’s fair.
General Overview

Symbolism was an art movement in response to realism and

impressionism. Poets, musicians, artists, and writers all used
Symbolism to express meaning in an indirect manner.
Symbolist painters wanted their pictures to depict a meaning
beyond just the figures they drew.

What are the characteristics of Symbolism?

Symbolist painters used a wide variety of subjects including

heroes, women, animals, and landscapes. They typically gave
these subjects deep meanings such as love, death, sin, religion,
or disease. They would use metaphors (or symbols) rather
than real life to represent something.
\
Example of Symbolism Painting:
The Wounded Angel (Hugo Simberg)
In this painting, a young angel is being carried by two boys.
The angel is wounded and the two boys are very serious.
One of the boys is looking directly at the viewer. The angel
was a symbol of the ideal, but it was wounded when it
meets with reality. It was voted Finland's national painting
in 2006.
 Famous Filipino Painters
Fernando Amorsolo – known as the Father of Philippine
Painting. He depicted in his works Philippine scenes and
the way of life in the countryside.

- (1892-1972), Philippines' first National Artist in Painting

(1972), the so-called "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art"
is believed to have created over 10,000 work of art.
Amorsolo earned a degree from the Liceo de Manila Art
School in 1909 and entered the University of the
Philippines' (UP) School of Fine Arts. He graduated with
honors from the UP in 1914 and got study grant in Madrid,
Spain. He was also able to visit New York, where he
encountered postwar impressionism and cubism, which
would be major influences on his work.
Some of his works:

Tinikling in Barrio, 1951 Washing Scene, 1953

Oil in canvass
The making of the Philippine Flag A Young Girl w/ jar (1952)
Juan Luna – Known for his “Spolarium” a painting
masterpiece in canvass in which he translated his
deplorable thoughts and feelings about war and
obstruction. He is a famous and expressionistic
Filipino painter.
SPOLARIUM of Juan Luna
Death of Cleopatra
(Juan Luna)
Emilio Aguilar Cruz – an expressionistic painter of
the “picnic in Mt. Arayat”. He was a former Philippine
Ambassador to the UNESCO in Paris 1979. The ashes
of his remains were scattered in the fields near Mt.
Arayat.
 - Master of Visual Art
 The Artist and His Paintings

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Born in 1452, in the Republic of Florence (Italy)

and died in castle of Cloux on May 2, 1519. His
painting particularly the Monalisa implies a high
degree of calmness, which is seen in the smile, and
placement of the hands. He developed Chiaroscuro.
Some of his paintings are as follows;
The Last Supper
Monalisa Battle of Anghiari
Michaelangelo Bounarroti (1475-1564)
He is remembered as the greatest stone carver since the
classical period. He painted the Sistine Chapel. Some
of his works include Bacchus and La Pieta.
Vincent Van Gogh

The Dutch genius born on March 30, 1853 and died by

suicide on July 27, 1890 at the age of 37. Twice he
proposed marriage to two different women and twice
he was rejected. Finally, he was found living with a
prostitute. He distinguish himself from others by
inventing his own style: color rich, warm, forceful,
exciting and he used heavy pigmentation. Some of his
works are;
Head of a Peasant The Potato Eater
Pablo Picasso

Born on Ocftober 25, 1881 in Madona, Spain. He is a

constant experimenter. He tried all mediums and
worked on all styles in painting. But he confined well
in cubism. A gifted youth but stricken by poverty
which is depicted in most oh his works, poignant,
melancholy with shade of blue and green. Each is
filled with stooped angular figure. Some of his works
are;
The Old Guitarist Seated Woman
 ASIAN ARTS

General Characteristics. Asian art is essentially religious

in nature. In India and Southeast Asia, all arts from
architecture; painting, sculpture, music and dance
and theater, have sole theme focused on the life of the
Gods, legendary heroes, and mythical beings. The
oriental artists reflects their religious knowledge,
beliefs, and experiences in their art works.

In INDIA, art is a concrete example of religion.

Taj Mahal – one of the 7 wonders of the modern world.
-a monument of love, built in 1632-1653 by Shah Jahan for
his wife Muntaz Mahal
-This temple is made of White marble and decorated with
semi-precious stones and colored marble.
JAPAN 
Japanese art depicts purification and self-control. These
are the essential aims of Shintoism, The National
religion of Japan.

The Japanese Art

(Contributions of Shintoism)
Origami – Art of Paper Folding
Ikebana – Art of Flower Arrangement
Noh Play – Oldest form of Japanese Play
Bonsai and Landscape Gardening
Origami Ikebana
INDONESIA

 Dance is highly developed as an art in Indonesia

and as a form of entertainment.
 Bali Dance – is an aristocratic art that stresses
refinement of gesture.
 Bali and Djapara – are famous for their silver
ware.
 Solo and Jojakarta – famous for Batik designs
 Bandung – for ceramics
 Bogo and Bangka – for tinwork
Balinese Dance
PERSIA (Iran)
 Noted for its famous rugs and carpets. Artistry is
depicted in color, design and the weaving skill of the
rugs and carpets.
CHINA

 Noted for its pottery, which is the oldest form of

art in China. During the Shang Dynasty (1523-1028
B.C), the chief artistic productions were vessels and
other subjects cast in bronze.
 Glazed Ceramic Objects were common during
the Hang Dynasty.
 Chinese ceramics was finest during Sung Dynasty
(1260-1279).
 Ceramics in floral and pictorial designs in cobalt
compound and in blue and white porcelain were
manufactured during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
Shang Dynasty
Hang Dynasty
Sung Dynasty
Ming Dynasty

 Calligraphy is the art of writing beautifully,

generally in freehand.
is used in countries using the Arabic alphabet or
Chinese ideograms.
The pavilions and temple in China uses Calligraphy
Also linked to literature particularly in a Chinese or
Japanese poem and graphic presentation, music,
theater and dance
In Muslim countries, calligraphy is connected with
sculpture and architecture by supplying their
decorative motifs and the style to go with the
decoration.

THANK YOU