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Conditionals: Zero, 1st, 2nd

This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It covers: 1) Zero conditionals which use the present simple in both clauses to describe facts that are always true (e.g. "If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils"). 2) First conditionals which use the present simple and future simple to describe possible future events (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass your exam"). 3) Second conditionals which use the past simple and "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations (e.g. "If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house").

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Marcela Fernández
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54 views26 pages

Conditionals: Zero, 1st, 2nd

This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It covers: 1) Zero conditionals which use the present simple in both clauses to describe facts that are always true (e.g. "If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils"). 2) First conditionals which use the present simple and future simple to describe possible future events (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass your exam"). 3) Second conditionals which use the past simple and "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations (e.g. "If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house").

Uploaded by

Marcela Fernández
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conditionals

Zero, 1st, 2nd


Zero Conditional
We can make a zero conditional
sentence with two present simple verbs
(one in the 'if clause' and one in the
'main clause')
If + present simple, .... present
simple
 This conditional is used when the result will
always happen.

 Example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it always


boils. (It´s a fact, It is always true, there can't be a
different result sometimes)
 The'if' in this conditional
can usually be replaced by
'when' without changing
the meaning.
If I eat peanuts, I am sick.
(This is true only for me,
maybe, not for everyone, but
it's still true that I'm sick
every time I eat peanuts)
Affirmative examples:
 If you heat ice, it melts.

 Ice melts if you heat it.

 If I go to bed late, I wake up late.

 You pay higher income taxes when you earn


more money.
Negative Examples
 If you do not exercise, you gain weight.

 If you exercise, you do not gain weight.

 If I don’t study, I don’t do well on tests.


Questions
 Does ice melt if you heat it?

 When do you wake up if you have to work?

 If you have to work, when do you wake up?


Uses
 1.  Rules

If you take your cell phone into class, it must be turned off.

 If you drink alcohol, don’t drive.

 Do not use a calculator when you write the test.


2.  Scientific Facts and General Truths

If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

 If you drop something, it falls.

 When you combine oil and water, they do not mix.


 3.  Cause and Effect

If you push the button, the volume increases.

 If you close the door, it locks automatically.

 The computer turns off when you disconnect the battery.


4.  Routine

I wear my boots when I work.

 She uses glasses when she drives.

 When I cook, I use olive oil.


First Conditional
 The first conditional has the present simple after
'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

 if + present simple, ... will + infinitive


 It's used to talk about things which might
happen in the future. Of course, we can't
know what will happen in the future, but
this describes possible things, which
could easily come true.
When to use
 We use the first conditional to express a possible
condition and its result in the future:

 If you study hard, you will pass your exam.


Positive
 If you hurry, you'll catch the bus.

 If I find his number, I´ll call him


Negative
 If you walk slowly, you won't catch the bus.

 If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.


Question
 What will you do if the train is full tomorrow?

 Where will you go if you die?


2 Conditional
nd

The Second Conditional is used to talk


about 'impossible' situations.
if + past simple...would + infinitive

 Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the


subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some
people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form
but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' .)
EXAMPLES
 If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be
looking for another one.

 If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day.

 If they were to enter our market, we'd have big


problems.
 If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I
probably won't win the lottery)

 If I met the Queen of England, I would


say hello.

 If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.


The form 'If I were you' which is
often used to give advice.
 If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.

 If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more


qualifications.
Positive
 If I had more time, I would travel more.

 If I were in the bar, I would take a beer


Negative
 If I didn't want to go, I would tell you.

 If he didn't live by the river, he couldn't go


fishing.

 If we didn't have to work today, we could have a


picnic.
Question
 If it shown in next april, what would you do?

 What would you do, if you were rich?


USES
 Unreal situations in the present
If I were the teacher, I would make class shorter.

 If I were an animal, I would be a lion.

Imagined events
If I were rich, I would buy a private jet.

 I would sleep more if I had time.

Impossible present situations


I would go to the party, if I didn't have to work.

 If I could play piano, I would play for you.


WAS vs WERE
 Use “were” for all subjects.

Examples:
If I were rich, I would not work.

 If he were older, he would understand.

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