This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It covers:
1) Zero conditionals which use the present simple in both clauses to describe facts that are always true (e.g. "If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils").
2) First conditionals which use the present simple and future simple to describe possible future events (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass your exam").
3) Second conditionals which use the past simple and "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations (e.g. "If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house").
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 ratings0% found this document useful (0 votes)
54 views26 pages
Conditionals: Zero, 1st, 2nd
This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It covers:
1) Zero conditionals which use the present simple in both clauses to describe facts that are always true (e.g. "If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils").
2) First conditionals which use the present simple and future simple to describe possible future events (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass your exam").
3) Second conditionals which use the past simple and "would" to describe hypothetical or unlikely situations (e.g. "If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house").
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26
Conditionals
Zero, 1st, 2nd
Zero Conditional We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause') If + present simple, .... present simple This conditional is used when the result will always happen.
Example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it always
boils. (It´s a fact, It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes) The'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning. If I eat peanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts) Affirmative examples: If you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts if you heat it.
If I go to bed late, I wake up late.
You pay higher income taxes when you earn
more money. Negative Examples If you do not exercise, you gain weight.
If you exercise, you do not gain weight.
If I don’t study, I don’t do well on tests.
Questions Does ice melt if you heat it?
When do you wake up if you have to work?
If you have to work, when do you wake up?
Uses 1. Rules
If you take your cell phone into class, it must be turned off.
If you drink alcohol, don’t drive.
Do not use a calculator when you write the test.
2. Scientific Facts and General Truths
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
If you drop something, it falls.
When you combine oil and water, they do not mix.
3. Cause and Effect
If you push the button, the volume increases.
If you close the door, it locks automatically.
The computer turns off when you disconnect the battery.
4. Routine
I wear my boots when I work.
She uses glasses when she drives.
When I cook, I use olive oil.
First Conditional The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:
if + present simple, ... will + infinitive
It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true. When to use We use the first conditional to express a possible condition and its result in the future:
If you study hard, you will pass your exam.
Positive If you hurry, you'll catch the bus.
If I find his number, I´ll call him
Negative If you walk slowly, you won't catch the bus.
If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.
Question What will you do if the train is full tomorrow?
Where will you go if you die?
2 Conditional nd
The Second Conditional is used to talk
about 'impossible' situations. if + past simple...would + infinitive
Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the
subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'. (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' .) EXAMPLES If she were happy in her job, she wouldn't be looking for another one.
If I lived in Japan, I'd have sushi every day.
If they were to enter our market, we'd have big
problems. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery)
If I met the Queen of England, I would
say hello.
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.
The form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice. If I were you, I'd look for a new place to live.
If I were you, I'd go back to school and get more
qualifications. Positive If I had more time, I would travel more.
If I were in the bar, I would take a beer
Negative If I didn't want to go, I would tell you.
If he didn't live by the river, he couldn't go
fishing.
If we didn't have to work today, we could have a
picnic. Question If it shown in next april, what would you do?
What would you do, if you were rich?
USES Unreal situations in the present If I were the teacher, I would make class shorter.
If I were an animal, I would be a lion.
Imagined events If I were rich, I would buy a private jet.
I would sleep more if I had time.
Impossible present situations
I would go to the party, if I didn't have to work.