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    Pharmacology Basics: Teresa Peck BSN, RN 2008

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    Marc Andreo Malala
    This document provides an overview of pharmacology basics including drug nomenclature, classifications, preparations, and the nursing process for medication administration. Key points covered include the scientific, generic, and brand names of drugs; pregnancy categories; routes of administration including oral, parenteral, and topical; and factors influencing drug action such as age, metabolism, and drug interactions. Common abbreviations used in medication administration are also defined.

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    Pharmacology Basics: Teresa Peck BSN, RN 2008

    Uploaded by

    Marc Andreo Malala
    40 views29 pages
    This document provides an overview of pharmacology basics including drug nomenclature, classifications, preparations, and the nursing process for medication administration. Key points covered include the scientific, generic, and brand names of drugs; pregnancy categories; routes of administration including oral, parenteral, and topical; and factors influencing drug action such as age, metabolism, and drug interactions. Common abbreviations used in medication administration are also defined.

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    This document provides an overview of pharmacology basics including drug nomenclature, classifications, preparations, and the nursing process for medication administration. Key points covered include the scientific, generic, and brand names of drugs; pregnancy categories; routes of administration including oral, parenteral, and topical; and factors influencing drug action such as age, metabolism, and drug interactions. Common abbreviations used in medication administration are also defined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views29 pages

    Pharmacology Basics: Teresa Peck BSN, RN 2008

    Uploaded by

    Marc Andreo Malala
    This document provides an overview of pharmacology basics including drug nomenclature, classifications, preparations, and the nursing process for medication administration. Key points covered include the scientific, generic, and brand names of drugs; pregnancy categories; routes of administration including oral, parenteral, and topical; and factors influencing drug action such as age, metabolism, and drug interactions. Common abbreviations used in medication administration are also defined.

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    Pharmacology Basics

    TERESA PECK BSN, RN


    2008
    Drug Nomenclature

     Chemical-Scientific Name
     Generic name
     NOT CAPITALIZED
     Official Name
     Brand or Trade name
     Symbol R with a circle around it
     Name capitalized
    Drug Classifications

     Body system
     Therapeutic or clinical use
     Chemical action
     Prescription vs non-prescription
     Illegal or recreational
    Pregnancy Categories

     A-no risk
     B-minimal risk or no studies done
     C-risk identified
     D-well studied definite risk-benefit may out do
    risk
     X-positive evidence fetal anormalities-not
    used
    PRACTICE EXAMPLES

     Use your drug book


     Find 5 Medications
     Tell us the scientific, trade and generic
    names
    What are drugs made of?

     Minerals
     Plant
     Animal
     Synthesis
     Microorganisms
    Drug Preparations

     VEHICLES
     Solid Preparations
     Capsule
     Tablet
     Pill
     Lozenge
    Drug Preparations

     Solid Preparations
     Suppository
     Ointment
     Powder

     Tablets or pills may be “scored”


    Drug Preparations

     Fluid preparations
     Oral parenteral or injectable or IV
    Pharmacokinetics

     Absorption
     Distribution
     Metabolism
     Excretion
    Absorption-movement of a drug into the
    bloodstream.
     May be via several routes
     Oral-broken down in aqueous environment
     Enters GI tract, absorption continues
     Absorption may be further influenced by gut
    motility, prior surgery to the intestines,
    simultaneous intake of food, other drugs, and
    many other factors.
    Distribution

     Depends on tissue permeability


     Depends on tissue perfusion
     Depends on amount of blood flow
     pH can affect
    Excretion

     Relies mostly on KIDNEYS


     Also referred to as clearance
    Factors Influencing Drug Action
     Age
     Body Weight
     Metabolic Rate
     Illness
     Psychological Aspects
     Placebo effect
     Tolerance/Dependence
     Cumulative effect
    Drug Action

     Each drug has a DESIRED effect


     Can also cause undesirable effects-known as
    side effects

    LOOK IN DRUG BOOK- find desired action, list


    of side effects
    Adverse Reactions

     Allergic Reactions
     Hives
     Itching
     Eddema
     Anaphylactic reaction
     Respiratory distress
     Cardiovascular collapse
    Risks With Drugs

     Carcinogenicity
     Teratogen
    Drug Interactions

     Drugs can “mix” or interact with other things


     Drugs
     Foods
     Juices
    Drug Legislation

     Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938


     Controlled Substances Act, 1970
     Schedule I
     Schedule II
     Schedule III
     Schedule IV
     Schedule V
    Drug Development
     Preclinical research
     Clinical research and development
     New drug application review
     Postmarketing surveillance
    Common Abbreviations

     Daily
     BID=twice daily**
     PRN=as needed
     Ad lib=as much as needed
     Mg=milligram
     Ml=milliliter
     C=with
    Common Abbreviations

     Tid=three times a day**


     Stat=NOW
     NGT=via nasogastric tube
     Gr=grain
     Gtt=drops
     Od=right eye
     Os=left eye
     Ou=both eyes
     Pc=after eating
     Ac=before eating
     Q=every
     Qh=every hour
    Six Rights of Medication Administration

     Right Drug
     Right Time
     Right Dose
     Right Patient
     Right Route
     Right Documentation
    Nursing Process in Med Administration

     Assessment data collection


     Nursing diagnosis
     Planning
     Implementation
     Evaluation
    Drug Action Across the LifeSpan

     Absorption
     Distribution
     Metabolism
     Excretion

     Toxicity
     Pregnancy/Breast-feeding
    Patient Education and Medication
    Therapy
     Noncompliance
     We learn three basic ways
     Learning needs to be focused, repetitive
     Need to address all ways people learn
     Determine readiness to learn
     Determine barriers (age, cognition,
    hearing/vision impairments)
     SPACE OUT TEACHING

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