Introduction and Defining

Globalization
Why this course?

 Avoid parochialism (where citizens have

only limited awareness of the existence of
central government.)
 World teaches us more about our society
 Filipinos increasingly interacting with the
world
– OFW 4,018 Filipinos per day in 2009, 6,092 in 2015
– 2.3 million OFWs who worked abroad at any time during
the period April to September 2017. (PSA)
– Internet, cheaper travel, presence of MNCs
 TABLE 1.3 Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers
by Place of Work and Sex: 2017

Both
Place of Work Male Female
Sexes

Philippines 2,339 1,084 1,255

Number (In thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Africa 1.1 2.4 0.1
Asia 85.5 77.3 92.7
East Asia 18.9 15.7 21.7
Hong Kong 6.5 0.5 11.7
Japan 4.9 6.9 3.2
Taiwan 3.8 3.0 4.5
Other Countries in East Asia (including China 3.7 5.3 2.3
and South Korea)
Southeast and South Central Asia 9.5 9.3 9.6
Malaysia 1.7 1.5 1.8
Singapore 5.3 4.3 6.1
Other Countries in Southeast 2.5 3.5 1.7
and South Central Asia (including Brunei,
Cambodia, and Indonesia)
Western Asia 57.1 52.3 61.3
Kuwait 6.7 2.6 10.3
Qatar 5.5 6.0 5.1
Saudi Arabia 25.4 28.7 22.5
United Arab Emirates 15.3 12.6 17.5
Other Countries in Western Asia (Bahrain, 4.3 2.4 5.9
Israel, Lebanon and Jordan)
Australia 1.6 2.3 0.9
Europe 6.4 10.1 3.1
North and South America 5.4 8.0 3.2

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.

The estimates cover overseas Filipinos w hose departure occurred w ithin the last f ive years and w ho are w orking
or had w orked abroad during the past six months (April to September) of the survey period.

Source: Phillippine Statistics Authority, 2017 Survey on Overseas Filipinos

The course’s approach: The Study
of Globalization

 Globalization: inherently interdisciplinary

 See contemporary world through a broad

lens

 Allows us to examine various globalizing

processes

 Forces us to ask questions re. global

citizenship
Academic definition

 As opposed to popular/activist definition:

 Not “neoliberal globalization”/ “market

globalism”
 Neoliberalism is most commonly used
refer to market-oriented reform policies
such as “eliminating price controls,
deregulating capital markets, lowering rate
barriers” and reducing state influence on
the economy, especially through
privatization.
The need for an interdisciplinary
approach

– We need to transcend our disciplinary

boundaries… Otherwise, we won’t
talk!

**Interdisciplinary – refers relating to more than one

branch of knowledge.
**Transcend – means be or go beyond the range or limits 
For a political scientist

 Political scientist: “Challenge to the nation

state.”
– Strength of regional blocks
– Emergence of global political norms
For a political scientist

 Political scientist: “Challenge to the nation

state.”
– Emergence of corporations
(http
://www.businessinsider.com/25-corporations-bigger-tan-countries-2011-6#walmart-is-bigger-than-n
orway-
25
25 giant companies that are bigger than
entire countries (as of July 2018)
Source: https://
www.businessinsider.com/25-giant-compani
es-that-earn-more-than-entire-countries-201
8-7
For the economist…

 Increased free trade

 Speed of trade (milliseconds to trade shares)
 Global economic organizations
 Regional trade blocks
Increased free trade
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Global Economic Organizations
Regional Trade Blocs
A regional trade blocs is a group of
countries within a geographical region that
protect themselves from imports from non-
members. Trading blocs are a form of
economic integration, and increasingly
shape the pattern of world trade.

Source: wikipedia.com
For the scholar of culture and
communication

 “Global village”
 Communications technology as “shrinking”
our world
 “Cultural imperialism”
They are ALL correct.
How do we bring these various
perspectives together?

 Working definition of globalization:

Manfred Steger: “Globalization refers to the

expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-
time and world-space”
Globalization is a continuous process of
interaction and interdependence of one
country to another to either adapt and
influence as well as to exchange products,
beliefs, culture across nations.
- Torio, Christine, BSP 1-3
Globalization can influence the development
and advancement of a global economy. It will
also include the latest happenings that can
affect the socio-cultural, economic,
environment, political, technological and
other opportunities of a state.
- Dullete, Lou-Ann B., BSIT 1-2
Globalization is a connection between
different country in this world that may lead
to innovation, adaptation, modernization and
competition that will result a good progress
of a certain state.

- Maribojoc, Judy Ann T., BSED 1-6

Attributes of Globalization

1. Various forms of connectivity

2. Expansion and stretching of social
relations
3. Intensification and acceleration of social
exchanges and activities
4. Occurs subjectively
1. Various forms of connectivity

 They are diverse (can be economic,

political, cultural, etc.)

 They are enabled by various factors,

pressures, media, etc.

 They are uneven (different degrees of

interconnection)
2. Expansion and Stretching of
Social Relations

 1. NGOs
 2. Friendships/Relationships
 3. Government associations
 4. MNCs
3. Intensification and Acceleration
of Social Exchanges and Activities

 1. From snail mail to Facebook

 2. Live television
 3. Increased travel (cheap flights)
4. Occurs Subjectively

 1. We think about the world (#PrayforParis

for example)
 2. We associate ourselves with global
trends (fan of K-Pop)
 3. Hopefully, we feel some sense of
responsibility (climate change)
 THIS PROCESS IS UNEVEN
Helpful question: What is being
globalized?

 The different forms of connectivity and

flows are different facets of globalization

 Different “globalities” represent different

forms of globalization – Flusty (2004)

 Depending on the globality, you see a

different dynamic
What is your globalization story?

 How have you experienced globalization?

Suggested Activity

Sharing of one’s globalization stories

This Power Point Presentation is adopted
from Dr. Lisandro Elias E. Claudio.