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ArrayPresentation in C

The document is a presentation on arrays in C that covers: - What arrays are and their types including 1D, 2D, and 3D arrays - How arrays are declared and recognized in C code - Data types that can be used for arrays - How arrays are allocated in memory - Different ways to initialize and assign values to array elements - Array bounds and avoiding out-of-bounds errors - Passing arrays to functions - Representation of multidimensional arrays

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Arush Swaroop
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41 views

ArrayPresentation in C

The document is a presentation on arrays in C that covers: - What arrays are and their types including 1D, 2D, and 3D arrays - How arrays are declared and recognized in C code - Data types that can be used for arrays - How arrays are allocated in memory - Different ways to initialize and assign values to array elements - Array bounds and avoiding out-of-bounds errors - Passing arrays to functions - Representation of multidimensional arrays

Uploaded by

Arush Swaroop
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Presentation on

Arrays In C

By:-
Arush Swaroop
100101051
CS-C
Index
What are Arrays?
Types of Arrays
1-D Arrays
Recognising Arrays
Data Types of Arrays
Space Allocation
Assigning Values to Arrays
Multidimensional Arrays
What Are Arrays?
 An Array is a systematic arrangement of objects, usually in rows and
columns.

 It is a data structure.

 Unlike a variable used to store a single value.


Example int debt = 2;

 It is used to store series of values of the same type, sequentially.

 The whole array bears a single name, and the individual items or elements
that are accessed by using an integer index .
Type of Arrays
1-Dimensional Array
2-Dimensional Array
3-Dimanesional Array
1-Dimensional Arrray
Example
int debts[10];
“int” is the Datatype.
“debts” is name of Array.
“10” is the Number of Elements in an Array.

Lower bound: the smallest element of an array's index.

Upper bound: the highest element of an array's index.

Range: the number of element in the array.


Range = upper bound – lower bound+1
How the Compiler Recognizes an Array?
 Just like Variables and Functions, Arrays have to be declared before
their usage.
 Declaration of array;
Some Array Declarations:-
int main(void)
{
float a[365]; (array of 365 floats)
char b[12]; (array of 12 characters)
int c[50]; (array of 50 integers)
}
 Above “[]” brackets identifies “a” as an array
 We can access individual elements by writing its index number or
subscript in square brackets along with the array name.
How to Access the Elements of an Array

 In C the index of an Array starts at Array Index Array Data


index 0 and continues until one
less then the total i.e. (10-1) in debts[0] 1
case of debts[10]
debts[1] 2
 To access data, just write index of
debts[2] 1
the element, we want, with the
name of the array . .

 Example . .

. .
X = debts[2];
debts[8] 5
(this will transfer the
value at index 2 of 8
debts array, i.e. 1 to debts[9]
the variable X)
Data Types of Arrays
 Arrays can be of all datatypes that C allow.

 Examples:-

int cars[22]; (an array to hold 22 integers)

char actors[26]; (an array to hold 26 characters)

float big[500]; (an array to hold 500 decimals)


Space Allotment of an Array
 The spaces occupied in memory would be the size of their respective datatypes for
each element of array.
 Example:-

int boo[4];
(an array to hold 4 ints)

char foo[4];
(an array to hold 4 chars)
Initialization of An Array
A single variable can be initialized as;
int debt = 2;
Array Initialization
#define NUM = 8;

int main(void)
{
int powers[NUM] = {1,2,4,6,8,16,32,64}; (ANSI only)

... }
 What if we don’t initialize an Array

/* no_data.c -- uninitialized array */


#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 4
int main(void)
{
int no_data[SIZE]; /* uninitialized array */
int i;
printf("%2s%14s\n", "i", "no_data[i]");
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
printf("%2d%14d\n", i, no_data[i]);
return 0;
}
Like ordinary variables if we don’t initialize the array elements they can have any value
already present at that memory location.

The output is;


i no_data[i]
0 16
1 4204937
2 4219854
3 2147348480

Which are values present already in those memory location


 Partially Initialized Array
/* some_data.c -- partially initialized array */
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 4
int main(void)
{
int some_data[SIZE] = {1492, 1066};
int i;
printf("%2s%14s\n", "i", "some_data[i]");
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
printf("%2d%14d\n", i, some_data[i]);
return 0;
}

This time the output looks like this:


i some_data[i]
0 1492
1 1066
2 0
3 0
Which means partially initialization, also set the other memory locations to 0;
Another way

const int days[] = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31};


(compiler sets the number of items to 10 automatically)

Designated Initialization

int arr[6] = {0,0,0,0,0,212}; (traditional syntax)


int arr[6] = {[5] = 212}; (initialize arr[5] to 212)

If we want to initialize just one element of array,


former is the traditional way, and later is the new C99
method.
Assigning Values to Arrays
We can use loops for assigning values to array in addition
to assignment at initialization

Some wrong methods of assigning;


/* nonvalid array assignment */
#define SIZE 5
int main(void)
{
int o[SIZE] = {5,3,2,8}; /* ok here */
int y[SIZE];
y = o; /* not allowed */

y[SIZE] = o[SIZE]; /* invalid */

y[SIZE] = {5,3,2,8}; /* doesn't work */


}
Array Bounds
 C compiler wont check the boundary of your array, so it’s the programmer
responsibility.
 Reason! To make C faster.
 How to avoid!
 Use a symbolic constant for length of Array index,
 Remember that indexing starts at 0 in C.
int n = 5;
int m = 8;
float a1[5]; // yes
float a2[5*2 + 1]; // yes
float a3[sizeof(int) + 1]; // yes
float a4[-4]; // no, size must be > 0
float a5[0]; // no, size must be > 0
float a6[2.5]; // no, size must be an integer
float a7[(int)2.5]; // yes, typecast float to int constant
float a8[n]; // not allowed before C99
float a9[m]; // not allowed before C99 VLA
Multidimensional Arrays
Declaration;
int box[2][2];
int box[2][2][2];

Initialization;
Int box[2][2] = { {1, 2}, {3, 4} }; (two col and rows)
Int box[2][2][2] = {
{ {1,2}, {3, 4} },
{ {5,6}, {7, 8} }
};
Passing Arrays to Function
#include <stdio.h>
int sum(int arr[]);
int main(void)
{ int i ;
int arr[4];
long answer;

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)


arr[i] = 2*i;
answer = sum(arr);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
printf("index = %d, value = %d\n", i, arr[i]);
printf("result = %d\n", answer);
}
int sum(int arr[])
{ int i;
int result = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
result = arr[i] + result;
return (result);}
Representation of a Multidimensional
Array
THANK YOU

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