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Introduction To Solids: A.C.Arun Raj

This document provides an introduction to different types of solids. It discusses polyhedrons such as cubes, prisms, and pyramids. It also discusses solids of revolution like spheres, cylinders, and cones. For each solid, it describes key dimensional parameters and how they can be oriented in relation to horizontal and vertical planes. It provides an example of projecting a pentagonal prism resting on one of its faces on the horizontal plane with its axis inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane.

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Arun Raj A C
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61 views

Introduction To Solids: A.C.Arun Raj

This document provides an introduction to different types of solids. It discusses polyhedrons such as cubes, prisms, and pyramids. It also discusses solids of revolution like spheres, cylinders, and cones. For each solid, it describes key dimensional parameters and how they can be oriented in relation to horizontal and vertical planes. It provides an example of projecting a pentagonal prism resting on one of its faces on the horizontal plane with its axis inclined at 45 degrees to the vertical plane.

Uploaded by

Arun Raj A C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDS

A.C.ARUN RAJ
INTRODUCTION

• A solid is a 3-D object having length, breadth and


thickness and bounded by surfaces which may be either
plane or curved, or combination of the two.
• To represent a solid on a flat surface having only length
and breadth, at least two orthographic views are
necessary. F
• For some complicated solids, in addition to the above
principle views, side view and Sectional view is also
required.
Types of Solids

Solids may be divided into two main groups:

i. Polyhedron

ii. Solids of revolution.


POLYHEDRONS

CUBE PRISM PYRAMID


SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION

SPHERE CYLINDER CONE


POLYHEDRONS

A Polyhedron is defined as a solid bounded by


planes called faces which meet in straight lines
called edges.

They are :

(i) Regular Polyhedron

(ii) Prisms

(iii) Pyramids.
Regular Polyhedron
•A regular polyhedron is  solid bounded only by plane
surfaces (faces). Its faces are formed by regular polygons
of same size and all dihedral angles are equal to one
another.
•The following are some of the regular polyhedron.

(a) Tetrahedron: It consists of four equal


faces, each one being a equilateral triangle.

(b) Hexahedron(cube): It consists of six


equal faces, each a square.
c. Octahedron : It has eight equal equilateral
triangles as faces.

d. Dodecahedron : It has twelve equal and regular


pentagons as faces.

e. Icosahedron : It has twenty equal equilateral


triangles as faces.
Prisms
•Prisms are  polyhedron formed by two equal parallel regular
polygon, end faces connected by side faces which are either
rectangles or parallelograms..
•The imaginary line joining the centres of the bases is called
the axis.
•A right and regular prism has its axis perpendicular to the
bases. All its faces are equal rectangles.
SOLIDS
Dimensional parameters of different solids.

Square Prism Square Pyramid Cylinder Cone


Apex Apex
Top
Rectangular Slant
Face Edge Triangular
Longer Base Face Base Base
Base
Edge

Corner of Edge Edge Corner of


Generators
base of of base
Imaginary lines
Base Base
generating curved surface
of cylinder & cone.

Sections of solids( top & base not parallel) Frustum of cone & pyramids.
( top & base parallel to each other)
STANDING ON H.P RESTING ON H.P LYING ON H.P
On it’s base. On one point of base circle. On one generator.
(Axis perpendicular to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp
And // to Vp.) And // to Vp) And // to Vp)

F.V. F.V. F.V.

X Y
While observing Fv, x-y line represents Horizontal Plane. (Hp)

X While observing Tv, x-y line represents Vertical Plane. (Vp) Y

T.V. T.V. T.V.

STANDING ON V.P RESTING ON V.P LYING ON V.P


On it’s base. On one point of base circle. On one generator.
Axis perpendicular to Vp Axis inclined to Vp Axis inclined to Vp
And // to Hp And // to Hp And // to Hp
Q Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism , base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long,
resting on one of its rectangular faces on the H.P. with the axis inclined at 45º to the V.P.
As the axis is to be inclined with the VP, in the first view it must be kept perpendicular to the
VP i.e. true shape of the base will be drawn in the FV with one side on XY line

b’ 2’
b1 ’ 21 ’

a’ 1’ c’ 3’ a1 ’ 31’
c1 ’ 11’

X e’ 5’ d’ 4’ e1’ d1’ 41’ Y


45º 51’
25 c
d
d
a e b c b
e
a
3
50

4
2
5
1
1 5 2 4 3
THANK YOU

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