Starting positions

Dr.Hira
 Fundamental Positions
◦ Standing position.
◦ Kneeling position.
◦ Sitting position.
◦ Lying position.
◦ Hanging position
 Standing Position:
◦  it is the most difficult position to maintain because
the body is balanced and stabilized on a small base
which needs coordination work of many muscle
groups.
 Correct standing position described as:
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head forward, backward,
or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ The pelvic is balanced on the femoral head.
◦ The spine is stretched to its maximum length and stomach flat.
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted & are hanged loosely to the sides.
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Hips:Extended,slightly laterally rotated at same level
◦ Knees: Extended
◦ Feet: together at same line & angle between them not>forty five.
◦ Your weight should be evenly distributed on both legs.
 Uses: 
◦ It is suitable position for exercise
◦ Maintain balance
◦ The erect position is the position of alertness
 Derived Postions from standing: 
 Wing standing
 Stride standing
 Step standing
 Yard standing
 Walk standing
 Toe standing
 Stoop standing
 Close standing
 Wing standing
◦ Head: at the mid line
◦ Eyes :looking forward
◦ Shoulders: slightly abducted
◦ Elbows: semi flexed
◦ Hands :rest on the iliac crest, fingers extended and
adducted, thumbs abducted posterior
◦ Trunk: straight
◦ Hips: at the same level
◦ Knees: Extended
◦ Feet: together at same line & angle between them
not>forty five
 Stride standing 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted & are hanged loosely to the sides.
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body
◦ Knees: Extended
◦ Feet: separeted from each other
 Walk standing 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your
head forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Hips: one is flexed while the other is extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: one is in front of the other
 Yard standing 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head forward,
backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: abducted right angle
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Hips:Extended,slightly laterally rotated& at same level
◦ Knees: Extended
◦ Feet: together at same line & angle between them not>forty five .
◦ When palms are turned forwards (yd.palms f.st.) or upwards
(yd.palms u.st.) the latter involving an additional lateral rotation
at the shoulder joint with consequent further bracing of the
upper back muscles
 Step standing 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your
head forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at same level
◦ Trunk :straight
◦ Hips: one hip is semi flexed
◦ Knees: one knee is semi flexed
◦ Feet: one rested on a step
 Toe standing
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your
head forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at same level
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Hips: extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: ankles are planter flexed
 Sloop standing
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking downward
◦ Shoulders: at same level
◦ Trunk :flexed right angle
◦ Hips: flexed right angle
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: rested on ground
 Sitting position
◦ the position is taken on chair or stool
◦ It is preferable to leave two or threeinches of space
between the back of your knees and the edge of the
seat.
◦ The height and width of seat must allow the thighs
to be fully supported.
 Described as Correct Sitting
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head forward,
backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Elbows: flexed.
◦ Forearms: pronated&rested on thighs
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed right angle
◦ Knees: flexed right angle
◦ Feet: rested on ground.
◦ Your weight should be evenly distributed both buttocks..
 Effect &uses
◦ Effect: comfortable, natural, and very stable
position.
◦ Uses: for many non-weight bearing knee and foot
exercises.
◦ For upper limb exercises
Derived positions from sitting
◦ Side sitting
◦ Long sitting
◦ High sitting
◦ Crock sitting
◦ Cross sitting
 Long sitting 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head forward,
backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: adducted,hyperextended
◦ Trunk :flexed
◦ Elbows: flexed.
◦ Forearms: pronated
◦ Palms: rested behind
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: out of the plinth
 Crock sitting
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: adducted,hyperextended
◦ Elbows
◦ Forearms: pronated
◦ Palms: rested behind on plinth
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed
◦ Knees: flexed
◦ Feet: rested on the plinth
 Cross sitting
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at same level
◦ Trunk :straight
◦ Elbows: slightly flexed.
◦ Palms.
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed ,abducted, externally rotated
◦ Knees: flexed
◦ Feet: under lower limbs & inverted.
 Side sitting 
◦ If on left side, left hip :flexed,
◦ Left knee: flexed through full ROM
◦ trunk: laterally flexed to right side
◦ Right hip: flexed with pillow in between
◦ Left foot:planterflexed with eversion
◦ Right foot:planterflexed with inversion
 High sitting
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at same level, flexed
◦ Trunk :straight
◦ Elbows: slightly flexed.
◦ Forearms: rested on thighs
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed right angle
◦ Knees: flexed right angle
◦ Feet: high from ground
 Kneeling position
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head forward,
backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted & are hanged loosely to the sides.
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Fingers: semi flexed
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Hips: Extended &at same level
◦ Knees: flexed right angle& the body supported on it ,it is separated or
together
◦ Feet: in mid position out of the plinth or planter flexed on plinth
 uses •
◦ Mobilizing hip and knees exercises
◦ Balance exercises
 Derived from kneeling 
◦ Half kneeling
◦ Kneel sitting
◦ Prone sitting(cat position)
 Half kneeling 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted & are hanged loosely to the sides.
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Hips: one flexed right angle &the other extended
◦ Knees: flexed right& the body weight supported on one knee
◦ Feet: rested on plinth
 Kneel sitting 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight.
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted & are hanged loosely to the sides.
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Hips: more flexed
◦ Knees: complete flexion
◦ Feet: out of the plinth
 Prone kneeling 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line with chin in. . do not tilt your head
forward, backward, or sideways.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level, flexed right angle
◦ Trunk :flexed with hip right angle
◦ Back: parallel to the plinth
◦ Elbows: Extended
◦ Palms: rested on plinth
◦ Hips: flexed right angle
◦ Knees: flexed right angle
◦ Feet: out of the plinth
 Supine))Lying position 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking upward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight, supported on plinth
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: out of plinth
 uses 
◦ Suitable for many arm &leg exercises
◦ The most comfortable position
◦ Breathing is impeded slightly by pressure on the
posterior aspect of thorax and the pressure of the
abdominal viscera on the under surface of the
diaphragm is increased.
 Derived from lying 
◦ Crock lying
◦ Side lying
◦ Half lying
◦ Prone lying
◦ Half prone lying
 Crock lying 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking upward.
◦ Neck: at the mid line
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :straight, supported on plinth
◦ Arms:Extended,adducted
◦ Forearms: Extended at neutral position
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Iliac crest: at same level
◦ Hips: flexed
◦ Knees: flexed
◦ Feet: rested on the plinth
 Side lying 
◦ The whole body rested on one side
◦ Head: turning to one side
◦ Eyes: looking to one side
◦ Lower Shoulder: flexed
◦ Lower elbow : flexed
◦ Upper shoulder& elbow: flexed
◦ Hips: flexed
◦ Upper L.L:extended
◦ Lower L.L.:flexed
 Half lying 
◦ Head: at the mid line.
◦ Eyes: looking forward.
◦ Shoulders: at the same level.
◦ Trunk :slightly flexed
◦ Elbows: slightly flexed
◦ Palms: facing toward the body.
◦ Hips: extended, slightly lateral rotated
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: out of the plinth, slightly planter flexed
 Prone lying 
◦ The whole body rested on abdomen
◦ Head: turning on one side
◦ Eyes: looking to one side
◦ Shoulders: at same level
◦ Arms:extended,adducted
◦ Palms: facing to the ceiling
◦ Trunk:straight,supported on plinth
◦ Hips: extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: out of the plinth
 Hanging position 
◦ Head: at mid line between arms
◦ Eyes: looking forward
◦ Shoulders: at same level, elevated
◦ Arms: extended
◦ Forearm: pronated
◦ Hands: holding the bar
◦ Trunk: straight
◦ Hips: extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: planter flexed
 uses 
◦ This is a difficult position
◦ It is used to correct the curvature of the spine as in
cases of scoliosis
◦ Use the body weight ,pull of gravity to stretch
shortening components
 Derived from hanging (Half hanging) 
◦ Head: at mid line
◦ Eyes: looking forward
◦ Shoulders: only one is elevated
◦ Arms: extended
◦ Forearm: pronated
◦ Hands: only one holding the bar
◦ Trunk: straight
◦ Hips: extended
◦ Knees: extended
◦ Feet: planter flexed
 When does starting position fail? 
◦ Inappropriate choice
◦ Muscle weakness
◦ Joint &muscle pain
◦ Lack of joint ROM
◦ Lack of balance
◦ Disturbed perception