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    Sampling

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    sumeet bhardwaj
    This document discusses different sampling methods used to select samples from a population. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of items from a population to make inferences about the population. The main sampling methods covered are simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. For each method, it provides a brief description of how the sampling is done and when each method is most appropriate. The objectives, types of errors, and key terms related to sampling like statistics, parameters, and population are also defined.

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    Sampling

    Uploaded by

    sumeet bhardwaj
    37 views11 pages
    This document discusses different sampling methods used to select samples from a population. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of items from a population to make inferences about the population. The main sampling methods covered are simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. For each method, it provides a brief description of how the sampling is done and when each method is most appropriate. The objectives, types of errors, and key terms related to sampling like statistics, parameters, and population are also defined.

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    This document discusses different sampling methods used to select samples from a population. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of items from a population to make inferences about the population. The main sampling methods covered are simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. For each method, it provides a brief description of how the sampling is done and when each method is most appropriate. The objectives, types of errors, and key terms related to sampling like statistics, parameters, and population are also defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    37 views11 pages

    Sampling

    Uploaded by

    sumeet bhardwaj
    This document discusses different sampling methods used to select samples from a population. It defines sampling as selecting a subset of items from a population to make inferences about the population. The main sampling methods covered are simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling. For each method, it provides a brief description of how the sampling is done and when each method is most appropriate. The objectives, types of errors, and key terms related to sampling like statistics, parameters, and population are also defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Sampling Methods

    By
    sumeet bhardwaj
    What is Sampling ?
     A finite subset of the population ,
    selected from it with the objective of
    investigating its properties is called a
    Sample and the no. of units in the
    sample is known as the Sample Size .

     Sampling is the process of selecting


    samples from a population. It is a tool
    which enables us to draw conclusion
    about the characteristics of the population
    after studying only those items that are
    included in the sample .
    Objectives of Sampling
     To obtain the optimum results i.e.
    maximum information about the
    characteristics of the population with
    available sources at our disposal in terms
    of time , money and manpower by
    studying the sample values only .

     To obtain the best possible estimates of


    the population parameter .
    Statistics and Parameter
    Statistics Parameter
    - A Statistic is a - A parameter is a
    characteristic of a Sample characteristic of a
    . population .
    - Characteristic of a - Characteristic of a
    sample includes , mean , population includes ,
    SD , Variance sample size mean , SD , Variance ,
    and Proportion of the population size and
    Sample . Proportion of the
    - Value of every statistic population .
    varies randomly from one - Value of a Parameter is
    sample to another . considered as constant .
    Errors
    Sampling Errors Non Sampling Errors

    Any statistical inference Non Sampling errors arise due


    based on statistics may to following reasons :
    not always be correct as - Incorrect enumeration of
    population members .
    sample results are either
    - Non Random selection of
    based on partial or Samples .
    incomplete analysis of the - Use of incomplete/vague
    population features . This questionnaire for data
    error is known as the collection .
    sampling errors (SE) . So - Wrong editing , coding and
    SE is the absolute value presenting the responses
    of the difference between received through the
    an unbiased estimate and questionnaires.
    the corresponding
    population parameter .
    Types of Sampling

     Simple Random Sampling


     Systematic Sampling
     Stratified Sampling
     Cluster Sampling
    Simple Random Sampling
    Simple Random Sampling selects samples by
    method that allow each possible sample to have
    an equal probability of being picked and each
    item in the entire population have an equal
    chance of being included in the sample .
    - This method is suitable for sampling as many
    statistical tests assume independence of sample
    element .
    - One disadvantage with this method is that all
    elements of the population have to be available
    for selection .
    Stratified Sampling
    To use stratified sampling ,we divide the population into
    relatively homogeneous groups, called Strata .Then we use
    one of the two approaches :

    - We select at random from each stratum a specified no. of


    elements corresponding to the proportion of that stratum in
    the population as a whole .
    - We draw an equal no. of elements from each stratum and
    give weight to the results according to the stratum's
    proportion of total population .
    With either approach , stratified sampling guarantees that
    every element in the population have a chance of being
    selected .
    This method of sampling is appropriate , only when the
    population is already divided into groups of different sizes .
    The advantage of this method of sampling is that , the
    samples accurately reflect characteristics of the population .
    Systematic Sampling
    In systematic sampling, elements are selected from
    the population at a uniform interval that is measured
    in time , order, or space .

    This method requires less time and usually cost


    involved in this method of sampling is also too low .

    One of the most disadvantage point with this


    sampling method is that the sample may not be
    representative one always .
    Cluster Sampling
    In cluster sampling , we divide the
    population into groups or clusters , and then
    select a random sample of these clusters .
    We assume that these individual clusters are
    the representative of the population as a
    whole .

    We use cluster sampling , in the case when


    there is considerable variation within each
    group but the groups are essentially similar
    to each other .But we use Stratified Sampling
    just in the reverse case .

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