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    Modern Operating Systems

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    Muhammad Abubaker
    The document discusses the role and history of operating systems. It explains that an operating system manages hardware resources like processors, memory, disks and I/O devices, and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously by sharing resources. Operating systems have evolved from early batch systems run on vacuum tubes to today's diverse operating systems that power personal computers, phones, embedded devices, and more.

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    Modern Operating Systems

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Abubaker
    704 views17 pages
    The document discusses the role and history of operating systems. It explains that an operating system manages hardware resources like processors, memory, disks and I/O devices, and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously by sharing resources. Operating systems have evolved from early batch systems run on vacuum tubes to today's diverse operating systems that power personal computers, phones, embedded devices, and more.

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    The document discusses the role and history of operating systems. It explains that an operating system manages hardware resources like processors, memory, disks and I/O devices, and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously by sharing resources. Operating systems have evolved from early batch systems run on vacuum tubes to today's diverse operating systems that power personal computers, phones, embedded devices, and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    704 views17 pages

    Modern Operating Systems

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Abubaker
    The document discusses the role and history of operating systems. It explains that an operating system manages hardware resources like processors, memory, disks and I/O devices, and allows multiple programs to run simultaneously by sharing resources. Operating systems have evolved from early batch systems run on vacuum tubes to today's diverse operating systems that power personal computers, phones, embedded devices, and more.

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    MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS

    Chapter 1
    Introduction

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    What Is An Operating System?

    Lots of hardware !!

    • One or more processors


    • Main memory
    • Disks
    • Printers
    • Various input/output devices

    Managing all these components requires a layer of


    software – the operating system

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    Where is the software?

    Where the operating system fits in.

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    The Operating System as an Extended
    Machine

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    The Operating System as a Resource
    Manager

    • Allow multiple programs to run at the same time


    • Manage and protect memory, I/O devices, and
    other resources
    • Multiplexes (shares) resources in two different
    ways:
    • In time
    • In space

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    History of Operating Systems

    Generations:

    • (1945–55) Vacuum Tubes


    • (1955–65) Transistors and Batch Systems
    • (1965–1980) ICs and Multiprogramming
    • (1980–Present) Personal Computers, Tablets,
    Phones

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    Transistors and Batch Systems (1)

    Figure 1-3. An early batch system.


    (a) Programmers bring cards to 1401.
    (b)1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape.
    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    More third generation
    • Time Sharing (CTSS)
    • Multics
    • Unix
    • Linux

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    Fourth generation
    • PCs
    • Network Operating Systems
    • Distributed Operating
    Systems

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    The Operating System Zoo

    • PC operating systems-Linux, Mac, Windows


    • Smart phone operating systems- Android,
    iPhone, Blackberry
    • No hard disk
    • Palm, Symbian popular OS’s

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    The Operating System Zoo

    • Embedded operating systems-TV sets, cars,


    DVDs, MP3s
    • Everything is in ROM (no apps can run on
    it)
    • QNx, Vxworks
    • Real time operating systems
    • Hard (eg. factory) deadline
    • Soft (eg. multi-media) deadline
    Smart card OS (eg border crossing cards)
    • Java in ROM
    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639
    Abstract Machines
    Abstract
    Machines
    Idea
    Program
    Program Result
    Result
    Physical
    Machine
    Idea

    Program
    Program Result
    Result

    …
    …

    …
    Idea

    Program
    Program Result
    Result

    Operating Systems: A
    Modern Perspective,
    The OS as a Conductor

    The OS coordinates the sharing and use


    of all the components in the computer
    Operating Systems: A
    Modern Perspective,
    Multiprogramming
    Abstract Abstract Abstract
    Machine Pi Machine Pj Machine Pk

    OS Resource Sharing

    PPi Memory
    i Memory

    PPk Memory
    k Memory

    …
    Time-multiplexed PPj Memory
    j Memory
    Physical Processor
    Space-multiplexed
    Operating Systems: A
    Modern Perspective,
    Physical Memory
    Algorithms, Programs, and
    Idea
    Processes
    Execution Engine

    Files
    Algorithm
    Algorithm Files
    Status Stack Files

    Source
    Source Binary Data
    Program Program Other
    Program
    Resources

    Process
    Operating Systems: A
    Modern Perspective,
    Algorithms, Programs, and
    Idea
    Processes
    Execution Engine

    Files
    Algorithm
    Algorithm Files
    Status Stack Files

    Source
    Source Binary Data
    Program Program Other
    Program
    Resources

    Process
    Operating Systems: A
    Modern Perspective,
    Processes
    • Program in execution
    • Lives in address space
    • Process table
    • Keeps info about process
    • Used to re-start process

    • Shell (command interpreter) reads commands


    from terminal

    Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639

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