Chapter 14 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (Hvac)

CHAPTER 14
HEATING, VENTILATION &

AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
CON 4003
Construction Estimating
Prof R. V. Locurcio
Outline
 HVAC Systems
 Residential HVAC Systems
 Commercial HVAC Systems
Definition
 HVAC systems consist of equipment,
ductwork, and piping used to heat and
ventilate buildings and to condition (cool
and dry) the air.
 Equipment can be: a furnace, an air-

conditioning coil, a compressor, a
plenum, a boiler, a tank, a pump,
manifolds, outlets, and valves, etc…
HVAC Systems
 Two types considered
 Residential
Residential HVAC Systems
Two Types
 Central heating and air-conditioning
 Hot air systems
 Hot water systems
 Steam
 Radiant heating used only to heat

spaces
Central Heating and AC
 The most common residential HVAC systems
 Functions to cool and heat spaces
 System consists of:
A furnace supplying heated air through ductwork
 A main trunk line of rectangular duct
 Supply lines running from the trunk line to the
registers or vents
 A return air duct returning the air from the rooms to
the furnace
 Metal duct using air between joists and studs.
 See Fig 14.1 to Fig. 14.4
Figures 14.1 to Fig 14.4
Example 14-1
 Determine the HVAC components needed for
the residence in figures 14-1 and 14-2.
 The furnace includes an air-conditioner.
 A 2”X2” register is required at each base cabinet.
 A 6”x 18” grille is needed at each return air.
 Distance top of furnace to the roof is 20 feet.
 The vent pipe is 4 inches in diameter.
Solution-1
 Equipment: a furnace, a coil, a compressor,
and a plenum (enclosed space to facilitate air
circulation)
 For the supply trunk: 16 feet of 8”x 12”

rectangular duct, two 8”x 12” to 8”x 8”
transitions, 17 feet of 8” x 8”, and two 8” x 8”
end caps are needed.
 For the individual supply lines 6-inch 90-

degree elbow are needed
View of HVAC System
Plan View of HVAC System
Solution-2
 6-inch-diameter duct needed (17 ft + 17 ft + 19
ft + 19 ft + 2ft + 4 ft + 3 ft + 3 ft + 6 ft) = 90 feet
 For base cabinets: three-6inch 90-degree elbow
 Three 2” x 12” registers, six 4” x 12” boots,

and six-4” x 12” registers
 For the return air:

Two-6” x 18” grilles
Solution-3
 Sheet metal:
15 feet of 18-inch-wide (1+4+1+1+7+1) ft
 Two ea. 8” x 12” end caps
 12 feet of 8” x 12” duct,

and 8 feet of 12” x 18” duct
from the trunk line to the
bottom of the furnace.
Solution-4
 For the vents: 2 feet above the roof and 4 feet of
pipe are needed; Two 4-inch 90-degree single-wall
elbows, 4 feet of 4-inch-diameter single wall pipe,
22 feet of 4-inch-diameter double wall pipe, one 4-
inch roof flashing, and one 4-inch termination cap.
 One line set to connect the condenser to the coil,

one thermostat,
and one roll of
wiring are needed.
Radiant Heating
 Another type of residential heating
 Uses hot water to warm the floor, which in
turn warms the living space.
 It consists of supply manifold, pump, boiler,
return manifold, air ejector, expansion tank,
and valves.
 It cannot be used for cooling purposes
 Figure 14-6 shows details about radiant heating
Equipment for Radiant Heating
Figure 14-7 Pipe Spacing
HVAC Systems
 Two types considered
Commercial
Commercial HVAC Systems
 Small commercial buildings often use HVAC systems
similar to that of the residential system, using more
units as the building gets larger.
 Larger single-story buildings often use a roof-top units

(package units) that heat and cool the air and then
distribute it through the building using ductwork.
 As building gets taller a heat exchanger is used. The

heating and cooling is accomplished by heating or
cooling water at a central point.
 Commercial systems may also use chillers, boilers,

dampers, fans, and variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes.
Commercial systems
Example 14-4
 Determine the HVAC components needed for
the commercial HVAC system shown in Figure
14-8.
 Two feet of 6-inch-diameter flexible duct is

used to connect the diffuser to the ductwork.
 The plenum is used for return air. The existing

supply and return lines are made of copper.
Figure 14-8
Figure 14-10
Figure 14.9
RESIDENTIAL HVAC
HVAC Equipment
Basic System
Upflow Furnace
Attic unit
Ductwork-1
Ductwork-2
Ductwork-3
Joining Flex Duct
Ductwork-4
Ductwork-5
AC Coils
Floor Plenum
Questions

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CHAPTER 14

HEATING, VENTILATION &

 Equipment can be: a furnace, an air-

 Radiant heating used only to heat

 For the supply trunk: 16 feet of 8”x 12”

 For the individual supply lines 6-inch 90-

 For base cabinets: three-6inch 90-degree elbow

 Three 2” x 12” registers, six 4” x 12” boots,

 For the return air:

 Two ea. 8” x 12” end caps

 12 feet of 8” x 12” duct,

 One line set to connect the condenser to the coil,

 Larger single-story buildings often use a roof-top units

 As building gets taller a heat exchanger is used. The

 Commercial systems may also use chillers, boilers,

 Two feet of 6-inch-diameter flexible duct is

 The plenum is used for return air. The existing

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