GEARS

UNIT-IV GEARS
Gears are used to

changing the rate of rotation of a machinery shaft.
change the direction of the axis of rotation of a
machinery shaft.
change rotary motion to linear motion of a
machinery shaft.
TYPES OF GEARS:
1.SPUR GEARS:
Spur gears are the most commonly used gear type.
It is used when shafts (white) must rotate in the same plane.
The teeth are straight and parallel to the shaft. The pinion
(yellow) is the smaller of a gear pair.
SPUR GEARS:
Advantages: Spur gears are easy to Manufacture,
inexpensive, and efficient.
Limitations: Spur gears generally cannot be used
when a direction change between the two shafts is
required.
2.HELICAL GEARS
Helical Gear has curved teeth at an angle to the shaft. These
teeth grip with less noise than straight teeth, especially when they
are turning at high speeds.
HELICAL GEAR:
Advantages:
Helical gears can be used to connect non
parallel and even perpendicular shafts
It can carry higher loads than can spur gears.
Tooth strength is greater because the teeth are
longer,
Limitations:
Helical gears have the major disadvantage that
they are expensive and much more difficult to
Manufacture.
Helical gears are also slightly less efficient
than a spur gear of the same size
3.HERRINGBONE GEAR (OR) DOUBLE HELICAL GEAR:
 Teeth are V-shaped
The shafts rotate in opposite directions as in an ordinary spur gear
4.BEVEL GEAR:
It has teeth that slope along one surface of the
disc. The pinion (yellow) rolls at an angle to
the top of the gear, not along its edge. This
type of gear is used when the shafts to be
turned meet at an angle.
Bevel gears are primarily used to transfer power between
intersecting shafts.
The teeth of these gears are formed on a conical surface.
Standard bevel gears have teeth which are cut straight and
are all parallel to the line pointing the the apex of the cone on
which the teeth are based.
Spiral bevel gears are also available which have teeth that
form arcs.
Hypocycloid bevel gears are a special type of spiral gear
that will allow non-intersecting, non-parallel shafts to mesh.
Straight tool bevel gears are generally considered the best
choice for systems with speeds lower than 1000 feet per
minute: they commonly become noisy above this point.
One of the most common applications of bevel gears is
the bevel gear differential, shown below:
Limitations: Limited availability. Cannot be used for


parallel shafts. Can become noisy at high speeds.
Advantages:Excellent choice for intersecting shaft systems.

Worm gears are special gears that resemble screws,
and can be used to drive spur gears or helical gears.
Worm gears, like helical gears, allow two non-
intersecting 'skew' shafts to mesh. Normally, the two
shafts are at right angles to each other.
A worm gear is equivalent to a V-type screw thread.
Another way of looking at a worm gear is that it is a
helical gear with a very high helix angle.
Worm gears are normally used when a high gear ratio is desired, or
again when the shafts are perpendicular to each other.
One very important feature of worm gear meshes that is often of use
is their irreversibility
when a worm gear is turned, the meshing spur gear will turn, but
turning the spur gear will not turn the worm gear.
The resulting mesh is 'self locking', and is useful in racheting
mechanisms.
Limitations: Low efficiency. The worm drives the drive gear primarily
with slipping motion, thus there are high friction losses.
Advantages: Will tolerate large loads and high speed ratios. Meshes
are self locking (which can be either an advantage or a
disadvantage).
WORM GEAR has a screw pinion (the worm) which turns along
a spur gear. Motion can be transmitted between shafts that are at
right angles.
PLANETARY GEAR is a system whereby PLANET spur
gears turn on a central SUN gear and an internal ring gear.
This system is used in automatic cars.
Racks are straight gears that are used to convert rotational motion to
translational motion by means of a gear mesh.
(They are in theory a gear with an infinite pitch diameter).

In theory, the torque and angular velocity of the pinion gear are
related to the Force and the velocity of the rack by the radius of the
pinion gear, as is shown below:
Most well-known application of a rack is the rack and pinion steering
system used on many cars in the past.
Limitations: Limited usefulness. Difficult to find.
Advantages:The only gearing component that converts rotational motion
to translational motion. Efficiently transmits power. Generally offers better
precision than other conversion methods.
Automobile Differential
spur gear
Rack and pinion
Helical gears
Straight bevel gears for shafts whose axes intersect
Hypoid gears
A worm and worm wheel gives a large speed ratio
but with significant sliding

GEARS

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GEARS

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UNIT-IV GEARS

Gears are used to

Limitations: Limited availability. Cannot be used for

parallel shafts. Can become noisy at high speeds.

Advantages:Excellent choice for intersecting shaft systems.

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