Review of Related Literature

CHAPTER II:
REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
• It relates your study to a larger
body of literature.
• Serves as the foundation of

your study
CHARACTERISTICS OF RRL:
- as recent as possible
- objective and unbiased
- must be relevant to the study
- must based upon genuinely
original, true facts and reliable
- must be few or not too many
PLAGIARISM
- An act of using another
person’s words or ideas without
giving credit to that person.
DIFFERENT FORMS
OF PLAGIARISM
CUT AND PASTE
PLAGIARISM
- Involves copying text word-

per-word without properly
indicating that the text was
taken from another source.
Wrong:
The global economic crisis started in summer 2007, though

the full impact was not felt till the bankruptcy of the
investment bank, Lehmann Brothers in September 2008.
The global economic crisis basically originated in the west but
had its effect on all economies of the world.
Right:
According to Prachi Juneja (2018), “the global economic crisis

started in summer 2007, though the full impact was not
felt till the bankruptcy of the investment bank, Lehmann
Brothers in September 2008.”
The global economic crisis basically originated in the west but
had its effect on all economies of the world. Rossiter
Derwing (2015)
MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
- Involves copying text from

another source and changing
several words, while
maintaining the original
sentence structure.
Wrong:
Prachi Juneja said that on the year 2007, the global economic
crisis started, though the full impact was not felt till the
bankruptcy of the investment bank, Lehmann Brothers in
September 2008.
Right:
According to Prachi Juneja (2018), when the investment bank

of the Lemhan Brothers bankrupted on September 2008,
the global economic crisis was started to feel by the
people in the America.
MISATTRIBUTION
PLAGIARISM
- Involves attributing an
excerpt, quote, or an idea to the
wrong author or the incorrect
source, or worse, a nonexistent
source.
Wrong:

Reference: http://www.libspublishing.com
Right:

Reference: http://www.managementstudyguide.com
SELF-PLAGIARISM
-When authors reuse their own

previously written work or data
in a “new” written report
product.
CITATION STYLES
Most common style in academic
research:
1. American Psychological
Association (APA)
2. Modern Language Association
(MLA)
APA Style Guide
•When directly quoting a work,
include the ff:
• Author’s last name
• Year of publication
• Page number
Ex.
According to Smith (1990),
“students often struggle with APA
style….” (p. 120)
Year of
Publication
Author
Ex.
According to Smith (1990), “students often

struggle with APA style….” (p. 120)
In-text Book page

•When listing sources on the reference
page:
BOOKS
• Last Name, FN.MI .
• Year of publication ()
• Book .
• Location :
• Publisher .
Ex.
Rowling, J.K (2001). Harry Potter and
the socerer’s stone. London:
Bloomsburg Children’s.
Year of
Publication Book Title
Author
Ex.
Rowling, J.K (2001). Harry Potter and the

socerer’s stone. London: Bloomsburg Children’s.
Location
Publisher
ARTICLES ONLINE
• Last Name, FN.MI .
• Year of publication ().
• Title .
• Retrieved from URL
Ex.
James, H. (1994). The ambassadors.

Retrieved from
http://books.google.com
Year of
Publication
Author Book Title
Ex.
James, H. (1994). The ambassadors.

Retrieved from
URL
MLA Style Guide
•When directly quoting a work,
include the ff:
• Author’s last name
• Page number
Note: In parenthetical citation syle
Ex.
(Creswell 36)
(Lopena, Torres, Bado 90-150)
(Carlos et al. 134-160)
•When listing sources on the reference
page:
BOOKS
• Last Name, First Name.
• Book.
• Location :
• Publisher ,
• Year of publication .
• Print
Ex.
Rowling, Joanne. Harry Potter and the
Socerer’s Stone. London: Bloomsburg
Children’s, 2001. Print
Book Title
Author
Ex.
Rowling, Joanne. Harry Potter and the Socerer’s

Stone. London: Bloomsburg Children’s, 2001.
Print
Publisher Year of
Publication
Location
ARTICLES ONLINE
• Last Name, First Name .
• Title .
• Location :
• Publisher ,
• Year of publication .
• Website title .
• Web .
• Day Month.Year accessed
• Retrieved from URL
Ex.
James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville:

Serenity, 2009. Google books. Web. 16
Mar. 2010. http://books.google.com
Year of
Publication Location
Book Title
Author
Ex.

Serenity, 2009. Google books. Web. 16 Mar.
2010. http://books.google.com
URL
Publisher
Website title Date accessed
ASPECT APA STYLE MLA STYLE
Writing Author’s name Full surname first, then Full surname first, followed
followed by initials of first by full first name, and
and middle name. optional initial of the middle
name.
Writing the title of the Italicized title with only the Italicized title with all
reading material beginning word capitalized. content words capitalized
(exception: capital for every
proper noun)
Writing the copyright date Written after the author’s Written after the publisher’s
name name
APA FORMAT
Rowling, J.K (2001). Harry Potter and the

socerer’s stone. London: Bloomsburg
B
Children’s. O
O
MLA FORMAT K
Rowling, Joanne. Harry Potter and the S
Socerer’s Stone. London: Bloomsburg
Children’s, 2001. Print
APA FORMAT A
James, H. (1994). The ambassadors. R
Retrieved from T
I
MLA FORMAT C
L
Serenity, 2009. Google books. Web. 16 Mar. E
2010. http://books.google.com S
ACTIVITY
1. Author’s name: Susan Morem

Location: New York
Publisher: Infobase Publishing eBooks
Year of Publication: 2005
Title: 101 tips for graduates
URL: http://infobasepublishing.com
2. Author’s name: Harold Bloom

Location: Massachusettes
Publisher: Sibs Publishing House
Title: The global revolution
Date accessed: December 21, 2012
URL: http://ikawlangsapatna.com
ACTIVITY
3. Author’s name: Ni Hao Ma

Location: Shanghai
Publisher: Chongkwaila Publishing House
Book: The right way to eat siomai
4. Author’s name: Ayanna A. Alimpuyo and James Reid

Location: Taguig City
Publisher: A4 Printing Company
Book: Steps to pass practical research 2

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CHAPTER II:

• Serves as the foundation of

- Involves copying text word-

The global economic crisis started in summer 2007, though

According to Prachi Juneja (2018), “the global economic crisis

- Involves copying text from

According to Prachi Juneja (2018), when the investment bank

According to Prachi Juneja (2018), when the investment bank

According to Prachi Juneja (2018), when the investment bank

-When authors reuse their own

According to Smith (1990), “students often

In-text Book page

Rowling, J.K (2001). Harry Potter and the

James, H. (1994). The ambassadors.

Author Book Title

James, H. (1994). The ambassadors.

Rowling, Joanne. Harry Potter and the Socerer’s

James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville:

James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville:

Rowling, J.K (2001). Harry Potter and the

1. Author’s name: Susan Morem

2. Author’s name: Harold Bloom

3. Author’s name: Ni Hao Ma

4. Author’s name: Ayanna A. Alimpuyo and James Reid

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