Chapter 1 & 2: Entrepreneurship: Chapter 1: Definition and Evolution

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Chapter 1 & 2

Entrepreneurship:

Chapter 1: definition and evolution

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Chapter outline

• Defining entrepreneurship
• The role of entrepreneurship in economic
growth and development
• Common features of entrepreneurship in
the Pacific Rim region

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Learning objectives

• Provide a definition of entrepreneurship


• State the key elements of
entrepreneurship
• Explain the process of new venture
creation

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Learning objectives

• Explain the role of entrepreneurship in


economic growth
• Discuss the common features of
entrepreneurship in the Pacific Rim region

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Defining entrepreneurship

• Entrepreneurship as a term was first used


during the Industrial Revolution.
• It described the new phenomenon of the
individual who formulated a venture idea,
developed it, assembled resources and
created a new business venture.

19th century in Europe

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Defining entrepreneurship

• The entrepreneur has thus emerged as


a pivotal figure who operates within a
market.
• Entrepreneur
– Risk taking
– React to opportunity
– Bear uncertainty

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Towards a definition of
entrepreneurship

• Entrepreneurship:
(No agreed definition) – earlier based on
entrepreneur
• The process brought about by individuals
of identifying new opportunities and
converting them into marketable products
or services.

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


The key elements of
entrepreneurship

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


The key elements of
entrepreneurship

• There are five generally agreed


conditions that are necessary for
entrepreneurship to occur:
1) an individual (the entrepreneur)
2) a market opportunity
3) adequate resources
4) a business organisation
5) a favourable environment
Chapter one - Entrepreuership
The key elements of
entrepreneurship
• The entrepreneur is responsible for
bringing these contingencies together to
create new value
• “Er – perceives an opportunity, marshals
the resources, build an organization
which combine resources to exploit the
opportunity” – a process
• to become a successful Er - Active,
Alertness, prior learning, social networks

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Entrepreneurial opportunities:

Those situations in which new products,


services and processes can be
introduced and sold at greater than their
cost of production.

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


The process of new venture
creation

• Not all individuals have the potential to


launch a business venture ..

• And of those of do, not all will attempt ...

RIGHT PERSON @ RIGHT PLACE

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


The process of new venture
creation

• Of those who attempt, not all will


succeed..

• Among the newly established business


ventures, only a proportion will survive.

RIGHT PERSON @ RIGHT PLACE

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


The risks of a career in
entrepreneurship

There are 4 types of risks to consider :


– financial risks
– career risks
– social risks
– health risks

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Financial risks

• Large amounts of own money have to be


invested.
• Collateral to raise finance
• After start-up most of the profits are
usually reinvested.

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Financial risks

• Borrowing funds from bankers, venture


capitalists, or partners can reduce
financial risks.
• Legal structures can help to minimise
financial risks. E.g. Assets in wife’s name,
business as company (not as proprietor)

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Career risks

• Questions about (re-)employment after an


eventual failure must be considered.
• This risk is particularly acute for well-paid
specialists and people close to retirement.
• Risks can be minimised by launching a
business on a part-time basis.

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Social risks

• Starting a business venture requires


much of the entrepreneur’s energy and
time.
• Family & social commitments may suffer
• The decision to set up a venture should
therefore involve the family to reduce
conflict potential.

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Social risks

• Another risk is linked to the (negative)


image of failed entrepreneurs
• e.g. Singapore — hence the kia siu
attitude — ‘afraid to lose’. Perceived as a
disgrace or bring shame

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Health risks
• Entrp is a rigorous activity : mentally and
physically
• No clear separation between work & non-work
• Evidence shows entrepreneurs experience
higher job stress and psychosomatic health
problems
• Would-be entrepreneurs should make sure
that their health can cope with the demands
and challenges of starting and running a
business. Kept organized

Chapter one - Entrepreuership


Additional Questions

• Explain the 4 types of risks of a career in


entrepreneurship?

• Tesla Motors was named the most


innovative company in 2016 by Forbes
magazine. Who is Tesla Motors named
after? Who is the CEO? And how is it an
innovative company?

Chapter one - Entrepreuership

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