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Friend Function

The document discusses friend functions in C++. A friend function can access private and protected members of a class without creating an object of that class. It is declared using the friend keyword inside the class definition but defined outside the class. A friend function does not have access to the this pointer as it is not a member function of the class.

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24 views

Friend Function

The document discusses friend functions in C++. A friend function can access private and protected members of a class without creating an object of that class. It is declared using the friend keyword inside the class definition but defined outside the class. A friend function does not have access to the this pointer as it is not a member function of the class.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hamza Amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Friend Function

Friend Function
 Friend function is not a member function of the
class to which it is a friend.
 Friend function is declared in the class with the
keyword friend.
 It must be defined outside the class to which it
is friend.
Friend Function
 Friend function can access any member of the
class to which it is a friend.
 Friend function cannot access members of the
class directly.
 It has no caller object.
 It should not be defined with membership
label.
Friend Function(Example)
Friend function
 Friend Function can become friend to
more than one class.
 Friend function can be either private or
public, doesn’t matter.
 Friend function has the ability to access
the members of different classes
simultaneously.
Friend function
Operator overloading as friend function.
class complex
{ private:
int a,b;
public:
void setdata(int x, int y)
{ a=x; b=y; }
void showdata()
{ cout<<"a="<<a<<" b= "<<b; }
complex operator +(complex c) How to make + a friend function ???
{ complex temp;
temp.a=a+c.a;
temp.b=b+c.b;
return (temp);
}
};
Operator overloading as friend function.

When ever we overload a binary


operator as friend function
we have to send two arguments.

Here both c1 & c2 are arguments.


Operator overloading as friend function.
 Now overload unary operator (++, pre increment) using
friend function.
friend complex operator ++(complex); int main()
}; {
complex c1,c2,c3;
complex operator ++(complex X) c1.setdata(3,4);
{ c2.setdata(5,6);
complex temp; c3=++c1;
temp.a=++X.a; c3.showdata();
temp.b=++X.b; getch();
return 0;
return (temp); }
}
Friend Function( Example)
Operator overloading as friend function.
Task 1:
Overload post increment operator using friend
function.
Task 2:
Write a class to represent a vector. Include member
functions( defined outside) to perform the following
operations:
1. create the vector in constructor.
2. Modify the value of given element.
3. Display the vector in formatted form.
Assignment
Task :
Create a class for an electricity board that charges the
following rates to users
 a) For first 100 units : 40p per unit
b) For next 200 units : 50p per unit
c) Beyond 300 units : 60p per unit
 All users are charged a minimum of Rs.500. If the total cost
is more than Rs.250.00 then an additional charges of 15% are
added.
 Write a C++ program using class to read the names of users
& number of units consumed & print out the charges with
names.
DUE On: 19th March,2020 (Before :11:30 AM)
this Keyword.
Object pointer
 A pointer that contains the address of an object is
called object pointer.
this pointer
 class Box
{
private:
int l,h,b;
public:
void setdimension(int x, int y, int z)
{ l=x; h=y; b=z; }
void showdimension()
{ cout<<"length="<<l<<"\nheight="<<h<<"\nBreadth="<<b<<endl;}
};
int main() int main()
{ {
Box smallBox; Box *p,smallBox;
smallBox.setdimension(10,20,30); p=&smallBox;
smallBox.showdimension(); p->setdimension(10,20,30);
getch(); p->showdimension();
return 0; getch();
} return 0;
}
Object pointer
 A pointer that contains the address of an object is
called object pointer.

smallBox
Pointer l b h
this pointer
 this is a keyword.
 this is a local object pointer in every instance member
function containing address of the caller object.
 this pointer can not be modified.
 It is used to refer caller object in member function.
 friend or static functions do not have a this pointer,
because these functions are not members of a class.
Only member functions have a this pointer.
this pointer
 class Box
{
private:
int l,h,b;
public:
void setdimension(int l, int h, int b)
{ l=l; h=h; b=b; }
void showdimension()

{ cout<<"length="<<l<<"\nheight="<<h<<"\nBreadth="<<b<<endl;}
};
this pointer
 class Box
{
private:
int l,h,b;
public:
void setdimension(int l, int h, int b)
{ this->l=l; this->h=h; this->b=b; }
void showdimension()

{ cout<<"length="<<l<<"\nheight="<<h<<"\nBreadth="<<b<<endl;}
};
this pointer
 class Box
{
private:
int l,h,b;
public:
void setdimension(int l, int h, int b)
{ Box::l=l; Box::h=h; Box::b=b; }
void showdimension()

{ cout<<"length="<<l<<"\nheight="<<h<<"\nBreadth="<<b<<endl;}
};
this pointer (Example)

this pointer

Encapsulation
Encapsulation.
 An act of combining properties and methods, related to
the same object, is known as Encapsulation.

Book

InputData();

showData(); Methods

updateprice();

Variables
Why Encapsulation.
 Object becomes equipped with sufficient information
and set of operations.

 Any system can be assumed as a collection of objects.

 These objects are capable to interact with each other


using various methods.
 So encapsulation has two concepts:
 Binding of data and functions.
 Controlled access. (Class)
Why Encapsulation.

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