The Rise of The Novel

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The rise of

the novel
Bartholomew Dandridge, A Lady reading
Belinda beside a fountain, 1745. Yale
Center for British Art, New Haven
The novel

1. The rise of the novel


The increase of the reading public in the Augustan Age was due to

the growing the individual’s the practice of


importance trust in his own reason and self-
of the middle class abilities analysis

Most readers were They used to borrow books


middle-class women from circulating libraries

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The novel

2. The novelist

• The spokesman of the middle class.

• The fathers of the English novel:

• Daniel Defoe  the realistic novel


• Samuel Richardson  the sentimental novel
• Henry Fielding  the mock-epic novel
• Jonathan Swift  the satirical novel

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The novel

3. The novelist’s aim

• To be understood widely  he wrote in a simple way.

• Realism  not only linked to the life presented, but to the


way it was shown.

• Speed and copiousness  his most important economic


virtues since it was the bookseller and not the patron who
rewarded him.

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The novel

4. The characters
A bourgeois, self-made,
The Hero self-reliant man

The mouthpiece The reader is expected


of the author to sympathise with him

had contemporary struggled for


All the names and survival or social
characters surnames  success
Robinson Crusoe

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The novel

5. The setting
• Chronological sequence of events

• References to particular times of the year or of the day

“I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York”


(Robinson Crusoe)

• Specific names of towns and streets

• Detailed descriptions of interiors  to make the narrative


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more realistic
The novel

6. The narrative technique


1ST-PERSON 3RD-PERSON PATTERN
NARRATOR NARRATOR

Daniel Defoe Fictional


Jonathan Swift autobiographies

Samuel Letters
Richardson exchanged
between the main
characters
Henry Fielding The mock-epic
style

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The novel

7. Themes

1. Real life

2. Everything that could affect social status

3. The sense of reward and punishment  linked to the Puritan


ethics of the middle class

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