Chapter1 Introduction To AI

Chapter 1 Introduction to AI
By Rinesh S
Contents
• Objectives/Goals of AI
• What is AI?
• Approaches to AI – making computer:
• Think like a human ( Thinking humanly)
• Act like a human (Acting humanly)
• Think rationally (Thinking rationally)
• Act rationally (Acting rationally)
• The Foundations of AI
• Bits of History and the State of the Art
Introduction to AI
• Artificial Intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a robot, or a
product to think how smart human think. AI is a study of how human
brain think, learn, decide and work, when it tries to solve problems.
And finally this study outputs intelligent software systems.The aim of
AI is to improve computer functions which are related to human
knowledge, for example, reasoning, learning, and problem-solving.
• The intelligence is intangible. It is composed of
• Reasoning
• Learning
• Problem Solving
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence
Objectives/Goals of AI
• The objectives of AI research are reasoning,

knowledge representation, planning, learning,
natural language processing, realization, and
ability to move and manipulate objects. There
are long-term goals in the general intelligence
sector.
Approaches to AI – making computer
• Approaches include statistical methods,

computational intelligence, and traditional
coding AI. During the AI research related to
search and mathematical optimization,
artificial neural networks and methods based
on statistics, probability, and economics, we
use many tools. Computer science attracts AI
in the field of science, mathematics,
psychology, linguistics, philosophy and so on.
Applications of AI
• Gaming − AI plays important role for machine to think of
large number of possible positions based on deep
knowledge in strategic games. for example, chess,river
crossing, N-queens problems and etc.
• · Natural Language Processing − Interact with the computer
that understands natural language spoken by humans.
• · Expert Systems − Machine or software provide
explanation and advice to the users.
• · Vision Systems − Systems understand, explain, and
describe visual input on the computer.
Cont..
• · Speech Recognition − There are some AI based speech
recognition systems have ability to hear and express as
sentences and understand their meanings while a
person talks to it. For example Siri and Google assistant.
• · Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting
recognition software reads the text written on paper
and recognize the shapes of the letters and convert it
into editable text.
• · Intelligent Robots − Robots are able to perform the
instructions given by a human.
Major Goals
• Knowledge reasoning
• Planning
• Machine Learning
• Natural Language Processing
• Computer Vision
• Robotics
Think like a human ( Thinking humanly)
• AI means thinking humanly, i.e., thinking

like a person. The field of Cognitive Science
delves into this topic, trying to model
how humans think. ... – AI means thinking
rationally, i.e., modeling thinking as a logical
process, where conclusions are drawn based
on some type of symbolic logic.
Act like a human (Acting humanly)
• AI means acting humanly, i.e., acting like a

person. The classic example of this is the
“Turing test” (details on a later slide). ... – AI
means thinking rationally, i.e.,
modeling thinking as a logical process, where
conclusions are drawn based on some type of
symbolic logic.
Think rationally (Thinking rationally)
• The “thinking rationally” approach to AI uses

symbolic logic to capture the laws of rational
thought as symbols that can be manipulated.
Reasoning involves manipulating the symbols
according to well-defined rules, kind of like
algebra. The result is an idealized model of
human reasoning.
Act rationally (Acting rationally)
• Acting rationally means acting to achieve

one's goals, given one's beliefs or
understanding about the world. An agent is a
system that perceives an environment
and acts within that environment. An
intelligent agent is one that acts
rationally with respect to its goals.
The Foundations of AI
• Machine learning (ML) is the science of

empowering machines to make decisions
without human intervention. This sub-
discipline forms the backbone of AI, enabling
computers to learn and interpret patterns in
images, sounds, and structured data using
multidimensional arrays.
Bits of History and the State of the Art
• AI simply means the study of building

machines with human like sense (perceiving),
analysis or understand and response.
Precisely, it's the Weak AI, the AI systems are
capable to do a specific kind of job for which it
is trained. ... The AI is changing the personal,
social, and business landscape with every new
day.
History of AI
• The beginnings of modern AI can be traced to
classical philosophers' attempts to describe
human thinking as a symbolic system. But the
field of AI wasn't formally founded until 1956,
at a conference at Dartmouth College, in
Hanover, New Hampshire, where the term
"artificial intelligence" was coined.

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Chapter 1 Introduction to AI

• The objectives of AI research are reasoning,

• Approaches include statistical methods,

• AI means thinking humanly, i.e., thinking

• AI means acting humanly, i.e., acting like a

• The “thinking rationally” approach to AI uses

• Acting rationally means acting to achieve

• Machine learning (ML) is the science of

• AI simply means the study of building

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